Yoga for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

Table 3

Observed percent change with yoga in metabolic indices, body weight, and blood pressure among adults with type 2 diabetes ( controlled trials), stratified by study design and analytic comparisons presented (before/after, intergroup). Only studies reporting significant changes included.

Findings, by clinical measure	Study design
	Nonrandomized controlled trials		Randomized controlled trials
	Yoga versus baseline	Yoga versus controls	Yoga versus baseline	Yoga versus controls
Measures of insulin resistance
Fasting glucose	14.33–33.23% [38, 40–44, 46–48]	9.87–29.75% [39, 41, 42, 45, 49]	7.21–27.53% [57, 60, 63, 64, 66]	13.46–36.2% [51, 61, 63, 66, 70]
Postprandial glucose	5.92–38.65% [40, 42–44, 46, 48]	11.61–35.5% [42, 45]	7.03–18.89% [57, 63, 64]	11.17–14.22% [55, 63]
Fasting glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)	1.55–21.23% [41–44]	1.03–7.44% [39, 41, 42, 45, 49]	0.31–14.17% [57, 63, 67]	7.77–17.78% [61, 67, 70]
Blood lipid profiles
Total cholesterol	5.97–14.61% [38, 40, 42, 47, 48]	4.11–8.63% [39, 42, 49]	1.37–37.01% [57, 58, 63, 66, 69]	4.74–18.3% [61, 63, 66, 69]
Triglycerides	3.97–16.35% [40, 42, 44, 47, 48]	3.53% [42]	14.33–38.0% [57, 58, 69]	1.06–10.96% [51, 61, 69]
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)	2.18–14.88% [42, 44, 48]	1.38–15.05% [39, 42, 49]	8.33–48.45% [57, 58, 63, 69]	3.39–11.42% [57, 61, 63, 69]
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)	8.28–15.21% [42, 48]	5.01–24.96% [39, 42, 49]	6.99–101.59% [57, 69]	9.1–54.92% [57, 61, 69]
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)	15.17–16.06% [42, 48]	13.28% [49]	7.23–22.66% [57, 66]
Anthropometric measures
BMI	7.52–10.34% [44]	2.72–3.56% [45, 49]		4.32% [67]
Body weight	3.48–6.95% [38, 44, 48]			4.18% [58]
Waist-hip circumference ratio	5.38–8.99% [44, 47]	3.17% [49]		5.32% [58]
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure	11.27% [47]	5.03% [49]
Diastolic blood pressure	12.92% [47]	3.46% [49]