Evaluation of the Molecular State of Piperine in Cyclodextrin Complexes by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Solid-State Fluorescence Measurements

Scheme 2

Changes in the molecular state of PP upon ground-mixing with different CDs: (a) PP, (b) GM (PP/αCD = 1/2), (c) GM (PP/βCD = 1/1), and (d) GM (PP/γCD = 1/1).