Sequential Geometric Programming Method for Parameter Estimation of a Nonlinear System in Microbial Continuous Fermentation

Table 3

Comparison between the proposed SGP method and the approaches used in the literature [23–29].

Error (%)	Method
	This paper	[23]	[24]	[25, 26]	[27]	[28]	[29]
E1	1.39	20.36	—	4.94	—	27.99	18.86
E2	2.77	5.78	43.76	54.02	44.57	17.46	6.98
E3	4.68 × 10^−3	6.17	10.41	4.20	1.61	22.22	1.58
E4	2.28	16.68	14.04	2.41	23.50	13.74	6.42
E5	5.65	6.59	29.48	8.00	10.67	22.57	6.47
E2+ E3+ E4+ E5	10.7	35.22	97.69	68.63	80.35	75.99	21.45
E1+ E2+ E3+ E4+ E5	12.09	55.58	—	73.57	—	103.98	40.31