Modified t-Distribution Stochastic Neighbor Embedding Using Augmented Kernel Mahalanobis-Distance for Dynamic Multimode Chemical Process Monitoring

Table 1

Results of numerical case fault detection performance indicators.

Fault type	MAR (%) and delay in numerical case
	DLLE-SVDD			t-SNE-SVDD			M-t-SNE-SVDD			AKMD-t-SNE-SVDD
	FS	RS	Delay	FS	RS	Delay	FS	RS	Delay	FS	RS	Delay
1	40.63	99.00	113	24.25	96.25	15	2.38	96.63	0	0.5	98.88	4
2	82.13	2.38	0	68.13	43.38	540	56.63	51.25	494	21.38	2.38	0
	Average FAR (%) in numerical case
	11.25	41.56	—	0.25	20.75	—	9.00	19.75	—	4.75	41.50	—