Local Resistances of Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flows in Vertical L-Shaped and Z-Shaped Pipes

Table 4

The values of the constants under different flow directions in equation (13).

Directions	a	b	c	d
Upward	0.013	−0.575	0.089	0.269
Downward	−0.455	−0.591	−0.090	−2.657