Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline and Acidic Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts and Their Application in Vegetable Oil Transesterification to Obtain Biodiesel

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Catalysts</td><td class="align_center" colspan="4">FAME (%) for the regeneration-reaction cycle</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center">1st</td><td class="align_center">2nd</td><td class="align_center">3rd</td><td class="align_center">4th</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3CA</td><td class="align_center">25.0</td><td class="align_center">23.0</td><td class="align_center">16.7</td><td class="align_center">13.7</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3TA</td><td class="align_center">24.1</td><td class="align_center">22.1</td><td class="align_center">15.5</td><td class="align_center">11.8</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3SA</td><td class="align_center">28.0</td><td class="align_center">26.2</td><td class="align_center">18.7</td><td class="align_center">13.6</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3K</td><td class="align_center">95.0</td><td class="align_center">91.8</td><td class="align_center">75.9</td><td class="align_center">62.2</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Results of the reactivation of the best alkaline and acidic heterogeneous catalysts used in transesterification of safflower oil with methanol.</div>

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Table 5

Table 5: Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline and Acidic Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts and Their Application in Vegetable Oil Transesterification to Obtain Biodiesel 

Table 5 | Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline and Acidic Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts and Their Application in Vegetable Oil Transesterification to Obtain Biodiesel 