Research Article
Influence of Injection Pressure on the Dual-Fuel Mode in CI Engines Fueled with Blends of Ethanol and Tamanu Biodiesel
Table 1
Comparison of fuel properties of TME, diesel, ethanol, and CNG.
| Fuel | Diesel | Ethanol | CNG | TME | TMEE10 | Test methods |
| Calorific value (kJ/kg) | 43869 | 26900 | 48500 | 41150 | 39725 | ASTM D240 | Density (kg/m3) | 832 | 789 | 0.72 | 910 | 897.9 | ASTM D1298 | Autoignition temperature (°C) | 273 | 363 | 568 | 315 | 319.8 | — | Cetane number | 55 | 11 | — | 58 | 53.3 | ASTM D613 | Flash point (°C) | 48 | 17 | — | 130 | 118.7 | ASTM D93 | Carbon (%wt) | 87 | 52.2 | — | 77.4 | 74.88 | ASTM D5291 | Oxygen (%wt) | 0 | 34.8 | — | 11.8 | 14.1 | ASTM D5292 | Hydrogen (%wt) | 13 | 13 | — | 10.9 | 11.11 | ASTM D5293 | Latent heat of evaporation (kJ/kg) | 250 | 840 | 509 | 250 | 309 | — |
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