Assessment on Performance and Emission Characteristics of the CRDI Engine Fueled with Ethanol/Diesel Blends in Addition to EGR

Table 3

Various alcohols fuels blends [16].

Properties	Diesel	Propanol	Butanol	Pentanol	Ethanol
Density (kg/m^3) at 15°C	836	804	810	815	782
Viscosity at 40°C	2.74	1.78	2.24	2.92	1.22
LHV (MJ/kg)	43.19	31.89	34.12	35.32	27.87
LHE (kJ/kg)	284	728	583	381	920
Self-ignition temperature	287	351	346	348	424
Cetane number	54	12	17	20	9
Carbon (%) (wt)	87	60	65	69	58
Oxygen (%) (wt)	0	27	22	19	35
HC (%) (wt)	14	15	15.2	15.8	13