The Impact of Emergency Interventions and Patient Characteristics on the Risk of Heart Failure in Patients with Nontraumatic OHCA
Table 1
Characteristics of OHCA patients and comparison patients.
Variables
OHCA patients (n = 7,321)
Comparison patients (n = 21,963)
value
No.
%
No.
%
Sex
Male
4,528
61.8
13,584
61.8
1.000
Female
2,793
38.2
8,379
38.2
Age group (y/o)
<60
2,619
35.8
7,857
35.8
1.000
60–75
1,942
26.5
5,826
26.5
>75
2,760
37.7
8,280
37.7
Economic level (monthly income in USD$)
<600
2,852
39.0
7,281
33.2
<0.001
601–1,000
3,326
45.4
10,330
47.0
>1,000
1,143
15.6
4,352
19.8
Geographic region of Taiwan
Northern
3,480
47.5
10,379
47.3
<0.001
Central
1,812
24.8
5,045
23.0
Southern
1,747
23.9
5,808
26.4
Eastern
282
3.9
731
3.3
Urbanization
1 (most)
1,722
23.5
5,471
24.9
0.052
2
707
9.7
2,123
9.7
3
1,812
24.8
5,475
24.9
4
3,080
42.1
8,894
40.5
Medical history
Myocardial infarction
2,251
30.7
2,251
10.2
<0.001
Hypertension
3,960
54.1
5,901
26.9
<0.001
Diabetes mellitus
2,726
37.2
2,498
11.4
<0.001
Cardiomyopathy
44
0.6
12
0.1
<0.001
COPDa and asthma
2,677
36.6
3,122
14.2
<0.001
CKD
1,086
14.8
452
2.1
<0.001
SLE
22
0.3
19
0.1
<0.001
Liver cirrhosis
442
6.0
243
1.1
<0.001
Sicca syndrome
111
1.5
178
0.8
<0.001
Rheumatic arthritis
119
1.6
166
0.8
<0.001
Emergency intervention for OHCA
Defibrillation
1,255
17.1
4
0.02
<0.001
PCI
532
7.3
29
0.1
<0.001
ECMO
135
1.8
—f
—f
<0.001
Therapeutic hypothermia
268
3.7
3
0.01
<0.001
New-onset comorbidity during hospitalization
Infection
1,909
26.1
306
1.4
<0.001
Heart disease
Ischemic
685
9.4
33
0.2
<0.001
Nonischemic
3,975
54.3
23
0.1
<0.001
aCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; bCKD: chronic kidney disease; cSLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; dPCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; eECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Statistically significant difference. fData were not allowed to be displayed if extraction with certain specific parameters resulted in an output of less than 3 patients (identification possible).