The Impact of Emergency Interventions and Patient Characteristics on the Risk of Heart Failure in Patients with Nontraumatic OHCA

Table 1

Characteristics of OHCA patients and comparison patients.

Variables	OHCA patients (n = 7,321)		Comparison patients (n = 21,963)		value
	No.	%	No.	%
Sex
Male	4,528	61.8	13,584	61.8	1.000
Female	2,793	38.2	8,379	38.2
Age group (y/o)
<60	2,619	35.8	7,857	35.8	1.000
60–75	1,942	26.5	5,826	26.5
>75	2,760	37.7	8,280	37.7
Economic level (monthly income in USD$)
<600	2,852	39.0	7,281	33.2	<0.001
601–1,000	3,326	45.4	10,330	47.0
>1,000	1,143	15.6	4,352	19.8
Geographic region of Taiwan
Northern	3,480	47.5	10,379	47.3	<0.001
Central	1,812	24.8	5,045	23.0
Southern	1,747	23.9	5,808	26.4
Eastern	282	3.9	731	3.3
Urbanization
1 (most)	1,722	23.5	5,471	24.9	0.052
2	707	9.7	2,123	9.7
3	1,812	24.8	5,475	24.9
4	3,080	42.1	8,894	40.5
Medical history
Myocardial infarction	2,251	30.7	2,251	10.2	<0.001
Hypertension	3,960	54.1	5,901	26.9	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	2,726	37.2	2,498	11.4	<0.001
Cardiomyopathy	44	0.6	12	0.1	<0.001
COPD^a and asthma	2,677	36.6	3,122	14.2	<0.001
CKD	1,086	14.8	452	2.1	<0.001
SLE	22	0.3	19	0.1	<0.001
Liver cirrhosis	442	6.0	243	1.1	<0.001
Sicca syndrome	111	1.5	178	0.8	<0.001
Rheumatic arthritis	119	1.6	166	0.8	<0.001
Emergency intervention for OHCA
Defibrillation	1,255	17.1	4	0.02	<0.001
PCI	532	7.3	29	0.1	<0.001
ECMO	135	1.8	—^f	—^f	<0.001
Therapeutic hypothermia	268	3.7	3	0.01	<0.001
New-onset comorbidity during hospitalization
Infection	1,909	26.1	306	1.4	<0.001
Heart disease
Ischemic	685	9.4	33	0.2	<0.001
Nonischemic	3,975	54.3	23	0.1	<0.001

^aCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ^bCKD: chronic kidney disease; ^cSLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; ^dPCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; ^eECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Statistically significant difference. ^fData were not allowed to be displayed if extraction with certain specific parameters resulted in an output of less than 3 patients (identification possible).