W. R. G. Gibb

The Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations

An adult manifested a tetrad of neurobehavioral findings consisting of episodic rage, emotional lability, hyperphagia with obesity, and memory impairment with intellectual decline following surgical removal of a craniopharyngioma. Post-mortem investigation of the topography of the lesion as well as review of previously reported cases suggest that this tetrad represents a specific neurobehavioral syndrome referable to damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus.

Frederick G. Flynn

Jeffrey L. Cummings

Uwamie Tomiyasu

Altered Behavior Associated with Damage to the Ventromedial Hypothalamus: A Distinctive Syndrome

Tardive dystonia was identified in 25 patients: involvement of the face and neck was most common; truncal and limb dystonia were also observed. There were 3 cases of laryngospasm and 2 of spasmodic dysphonia. The latter has not been previously reported as a manifestation of tardive dystonia. In all cases, movements typical of classic tardive dyskinesia could be demonstrated. This group illustrates the variety of dystonic disorders that may occur in conjunction with tardive dyskinesia.

R. Jeffrey Davis

Robert W. Hierholzer

Tardive Dystonia: Clinical Spectrum and Novel Manifestations

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) from long-term neuroleptic treatment may be irreversible; therefore prevention has become a major concern. A controversial issue with regard to the clinical use of neuroleptic drugs is the possible influence on the development of TD of drug holidays. The major characteristics of kindling, theories of TD and the role of multiplicity in the development of TD are described. Some clinical studies point to interruption of neuroleptic therapy being a risk factor for development of irreversible TD. Induction of dyskinesia in non-human primates has been demonstrated after repeated administration of haloperidol. Rodent studies have not been conclusive. Several experimental results link TD with kindling: both conditions involve repeated stimulations, both seem to involve increased receptor responsiveness and in both conditions does depression in GABA transmission in SNR (substantia nigra; pars reticulata) play an important role. It is concluded that the kindling hypothesis is relevant to the investigation of TD.

B. Glenth&#xf8;j

R. Hemmingsen

T. G. Bolwig

Kindling: A Model for the Development of Tardive Dyskinesia?

Patients with spasmodic torticollis, writer's cramp and the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) were given rating scales to assess personality dimensions, especially hostility and obsessionality. The data have been compared with age and sex matched controls. Significant differences arose, especially for hostility for the GTS and writer's cramp patients, whereas those with spasmodic torticollis do not differ from controls.

Mary M. Robertson

M. R. Trimble

Some Personality Variables in Functional Neurological Disorders

A case of persistent left unilateral apraxia caused by a post-traumatic callosal lesion is reported. Based on an analysis of the nature of the motor disturbances it is concluded that the disconnection is neither for linguistic nor mnemonic information about praxis but motor control information which is activated through conscious intention.

Atsushi Yamadori

Yukio Osumi

Toru Imamura

Yoko Mitani

Persistent Left Unilateral Apraxia and a Disconnection Theory

Neurological and psychological conceptions of psychiatric disorder are in conflict at the present time. This conflict is considered in the context of the history of psychiatry and the philosophy of science. Its practical consequences are considered for the motor disorder of schizophrenia, the cognitive impairment in psychiatric illnesses, the use of the terms organic and functional and the association of neurological disorder with psychotic and neurotic disorders. The conflict is also examined in individual cases and the implications for treatment assessed.

D. Rogers

Psychiatry and the Necker Cube. Neurological and Psychological Conceptions of Psychiatric Disorder

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Behavioural Neurology - Table of contents 1988

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Behavioural Neurology provides a platform for researchers and clinicians working in the areas of cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry.

Behavioural Neurology