Niosome as an Effective Nanoscale Solution for the Treatment of Microbial Infections

Table 2

Examples of surfactants used in niosome nanocarriers.

Class of nonionic surfactant	Name of nonionic surfactant	Combined agent	Application of synthesized niosome	Ref.
Sorbitan fatty acid esters	Span 80	Clarithromycin	As a niosomal carrier with sustained and controlled release to increase drug bioavailability	[91]
	Span 60	Melittin	As a niosomal system to inhibit the bacterial skin infection	[92]
	Span 40	Imipenem	As a functional nanocarrier to prevent biofilm formation and reduce the antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis	[93]
	Span 20	Lomefloxacin	As a niosome carrier to increase the bioavailability and antibacterial effects of lomefloxacin against ocular infections	[94]
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters	Tween 80	Moxifloxacin	As an efficient nanocarrier for controlled delivery of antimicrobial agents against P. aeruginosa	[29]
	Tween 60	Azithromycin	As a niosomal system to improve bacterial conjunctivitis infection and targeted delivery of azithromycin	[32]
	Tween 40	Vancomycin	As a niosomal formulation to inhibit the biofilm formation and staphylococcal colonization on abiotic/nonbiological surfaces	[95]
	Tween 20	Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)	As a niosome system with stable properties for efficient delivery of AgNPs, drugs, and biomolecules	[96]
Alkyl ethers	Brij 72, 78, & 92	Carvedilol	As a carrier in the form of proniosomal gel to increase the skin penetration of carvedilol	[97]
	Brij 52	Brimonidine tartrate	As an ocular drug delivery system in the form of a proniosomal gel to promote bioavailability and sustained release of brimonidine tartrate	[98]