HIV Virologic Failure among Patients with Persistent Low-Level Viremia in Nairobi, Kenya: It Is Time to Review the >1000 Virologic Failure Threshold

Table 4

Correlates of virologic failure among patients who experienced PLLV at Kenyatta National Hospital between 2015 and 2021.

Variables	Frequency		OR (95% CI)	value
		(%)
Age (SD)				0.043
Age at HIV diagnosis				0.002
Minimum VL at PLLV				0.007
Maximum VL at PLLV				0.0001
Age group
1 to 9	37	4 (7.3)	1.433 (0.43-4.79)	0.559
10 to 19	38	8 (14.5)	3.152 (1.17-8.51)	0.024
20 to 24	14	4 (7.3)	4.727 (1.27-17.57)	0.02
25 to 30	16	5 (9)	5.372 (1.58-18.25)	0.007
31 to 40	79	6 (11)	0.971 (0.34-2.74)	0.956
41 to 50	181	17 (31)	1.225 (0.56-2.71)	0.616
51 and above	141	11 (20)	1
First viral load
1000 and above	108	24 (43.6)	3.929 (1.68-9.18)	0.002
200 to 999	57	13 (23.6)	4.062 (1.79-10.48)	0.004
20 to 199	223	10 (18.3)	0.646 (0.25 -1.68)	0.37
Nondetectable	118	8 (14.5)	1
VL status at PLLV
Viral blips	160	28 (51)	4.545 (2.32-8.91)	0.0001
All to 999	32	13 (23.6)	14.662 (6.05-35.56)	0.0001
All	314	14 (25.4)	1
Start VL at PLLV
500 to 999	43	12 (22)	4.935 (2.29-10.65)	0.0001
200 to 499	78	15 (27)	3.036 (1.53-6.00)	0.0001
20 to 199	385	28 (51)	1