Polydrug Use among Students in a Public University in a Lower Middle-Income Country
Table 3
Univariate and multivariable analyses of features associated with university students in Mombasa, Kenya, testing positive for any drug in 2017.
Univariate analysis
Multivariable analysis
Crude RR (95% CI)
value
Adjusted RR (95% CI)
value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age in months
<22
Reference
Reference
22 to 24
1.49 (1.21, 1.84)
<0.001
1.30 (0.96, 1.77)
0.09
>24
0.67 (0.40, 1.11)
0.12
0.64 (0.35, 1.18)
0.15
Gender
Male
Reference
¶
Female
1.08 (0.87, 1.32)
0.49
¶
Education level
Degree student
Reference
¶
Diploma student
0.94 (0.69, 1.27)
0.68
¶
Birth order
First born
Reference
¶
2nd born
1.04 (0.76, 1.43)
0.80
¶
3rd born
1.36 (1.03, 1.79)
0.03
¶
4th born and above
1.17 (0.89, 1.53)
0.26
¶
Faculty enrolled
Business studies
Reference
¶
Applied sciences
0.93 (0.69, 1.24)
0.62
¶
Engineering
1.26 (0.97, 1.62)
0.08
¶
Humanities & social sciences
1.12 (0.81, 1.55)
0.50
¶
Computing & informatics
1.22 (0.83, 1.78)
0.31
¶
Year of study
First year
Reference
¶
Second year
1.60 (1.08, 2.37)
0.02
¶
Third year
1.76 (1.22, 2.54)
0.003
¶
Fourth year
1.49 (1.02, 2.17)
0.04
¶
Residence or accommodation type
University hostel and its environs
Reference
Reference
Mishomoroni and Kisauni
1.94 (1.37, 2.73)
<0.001
1.75 (1.23, 2.48)
0.002
Within town
0.99 (0.67, 1.44)
0.94
1.04 (0.71, 1.52)
0.84
Bamburi and Bombolulu
1.69 (0.93, 3.09)
0.09
1.80 (0.98, 3.29)
0.06
Marital status
Never married
Reference
¶
Married/cohabiting
0.82 (0.48, 1.41)
0.47
¶
Income/pocket money/month, USD
<50
Reference
¶
Between 50 and 100
1.36 (0.99, 1.87)
0.06
¶
>100
0.86 (0.60, 1.25)
0.44
¶
Current number of sexual partners
None
Reference
Reference
One
1.67 (1.12, 2.49)
0.01
1.47 (0.98, 2.20)
0.06
Two and above
2.58 (1.62, 4.13)
<0.001
2.33 (1.45, 3.76)
<0.001
Makupa, Sparki, and Majengo. RR: relative risk; AUC: area under receiver operating characteristics; CI: confidence interval. The RR and values are from a log-binomial regression model. The multivariate model AUC is 0.77 (95% CI 0.72, 0.81). 1 USD = Kshs 102; ¶: independent variables not selected for inclusion in multivariable.
