Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites Based on the Regulation of MicroRNAs

Table 3

Alkaloid and other N-containing metabolites and miRNA.

Botanical name	Common name	Family	miRNA	Target	Function	References
Nicotiana tabacum L.	Tobacco	Solanaceae	miRX13	Putrescine methyltransferase 2 (PMT2)	Nicotine biosynthesis	[50]
			miRX17	Quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (QPT1)
			miRX20	Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP82E4)
			miRX27	Quinolinate phosphoribosyl-transferase 2 (QPT2)
			miR164	NtNAC-R1		[91]
			miRX17, miRX27	QPT1, QPT2, CYP82E4, PMT2		[50]
			miRX20, miRX19
Papaver somniferum L.	Opium poppy	Papaveraceae	miR13	7-O-Methyltransferase (7-OMT)	BIA biosynthesis	[92]
			miR408	Reticuline oxidase
			miR2161	4-O-ethyltransferase 2 (4-OMT)
			pso-miR13	7-O-methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-l-methionine:3-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase 2/4-O-methyltransferase2 (4-OMT)/FAD-binding and BBE domain-containing protein
			pso-miR2161
			pso-miR408
			pso-miR13	7-OMT	Morphinan
Taxus baccata L.	English yew	Taxaceae	miR164	Taxane 13α hydroxylase	Taxol	[93]
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don	Madagascar periwinkle	Apocynaceae	miR-5021	Two enzymes involved in biosynthesis of TIAs	Indole alkaloids	[74]
				UDP-glucose iridoid glucosyltransferase
			cro-miR160, cro-miR164a, cro-miR164b	CrARF16, ORCA3, ORCA4, and BIS1, in TIA biosynthetic pathway	Indole	[95]
			cro-miR393d		Alkaloid biosynthesis
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.	Thale cress	Brassicaceae	miR393	Auxin receptor	Camalexin	[96]
Curcuma longa L.	Turmeric	Zingiberaceae	miR5021	Aspartate transaminase, aromatic-amino-acid transaminase	Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis	[48]
Helianthus annuus L.	Sunflower	Asteraceae	U3938865 and U4351355	MYB34	Glucosinolates and camalexin (indole alkaloid) biosynthesis	[2]