Seed Coat Morphology and Sculpturing of Selected Invasive Alien Plants from Lesser Himalaya Pakistan and Their Systematic Implications

Table 2

Seed macro- and micromorphological traits of invasive plant species of Lesser Himalayas Pakistan.

Sr. no.	Plant name	Seed color	Inner color	Seed shape	Texture/surface	Hilum	Compression	Length (mm)	Width (mm)	L/W ratio
1	Ailanthus altissima	Brown	Light brown	Spherical globose	Smooth	Not visible	Lateral	7-9 (8)	5-8 (6.5)	1.23
2	Argemone ochroleuca	Golden yellow	Off-white	Obovate	Smooth	Not visible	Absent	4-5 (4.5)	2-3 (2.5)	1.8
3	Azadirachta indica	Grey	Copper brown	Oblong	Ridges	Terminal	Lateral	8-10 (9)	3-4 (3.5)	2.57
4	Calotropis procera	Brown	Light brown	Flat, broadly ovate	Smooth	Terminal	Dorsoventral	5-6 (5.5)	4-5 (4.5)	1.2
5	Cannabis sativa	Greyish brown	Off-white	Oblong	Smooth	Terminal	Lateral	5-6 (5.5)	3-4 (3.5)	1.57
6	Cassia occidentalis	Grey	Brown	Ovate	Smooth	Terminal	Lateral	4-5 (4.5)	3-4 (3.5)	1.28
7	Chenopodium ambrosioides	Green	Blackish brown	Spherical	Rough	Not visible	Absent	1-3 (2)	0.5-2.5 (1.5)	1.33
8	Datura innoxia	Brown	Off –white, creamy	Broad kidney	Rough	Not visible	Dorsoventral	4-5 (4.5)	2-4 (3)	1.5
9	Dodonaea viscosa	Black	Yellow	Spherical	Smooth	Terminal	Lateral	3-4 (3.5)	3-4 (3.5)	1
10	Lantana camara	Brown	Light yellow	Spheroid-ovate	Wrinkled	Terminal	Absent	4-6 (5)	4-5 (4.5)	1.11
11	Lantana urticoides	Brown	Light yellow	Spheroid-ovate	Wrinkled	Terminal	Absent	4-6 (5)	4-5 (4.5)	1.11
12	Nasturtium officinale	Brown	Light yellow	Elliptical	Wrinkled	Terminal	Dorsoventral	8-10 (9)	6-8 (7)	1.28
13	Ricinus communis	Brown	White	Oblong	Smooth	Terminal	Dorsoventral	13-15 (14)	5-7 (6)	2.33
14	Robinia pseudoacacia	Brown to black	Light brown	Kidney shape	Furrows	Not visible	Lateral	5-6 (5.5)	3-4 (3.5)	1.37
15	Sapium sebiferum	White	Brown	Globular spheroid	Smooth (shiny)	Terminal	Ventral	8-1.1 (9.5)	5-7 (6)	1.58
16	Sesamum indicum	Grey	White	Obovate	Smooth (shiny)	Terminal	Lateral	4-5 (4.5)	2-4 (3)	1.5
17	Silybum marianum	Grey	White	Oblong	Smooth(shiny)	Terminal	Dorsoventral	5-7 (6)	2-3 (2.5)	2.4
18	Solanum surattense	Brown-orange	Yellow	Discoid obovate	Smooth (shiny)	Terminal	Lateral	3-4 (3.5)	2-2.5 (2.25)	1.55
19	Sonchus oleraceus	Dark brown	Off -white	Ovate	Smooth	Terminal	Dorsoventral	3-5 (4)	1-2 (1.5)	2.66
20	Xanthium strumarium	Brown	Gay	Oblong ellipsoid	Rough (spiny)	Terminal	Dorsoventral	12-14 (13)	7-9 (8)	1.625