Selected Spatiotemporal and Joint Angle Parameters in Normal Gait and Nordic Walking with Classical and Mechatronic Poles in Aspects of Sex Differences
Table 2
Differences between measurements of spatiotemporal gait parameters: “no-pole”(1) vs. “classical pole”(2) vs. “mechatronic pole”(3).
Parameters
Sex
(1)
(2)
(3)
value, ANOVA, or Friedman test
Significant differences (1)-(2)-(3) (according to post hoc test)
Stance phase LT (%)
Males
0.229
Females
Stance phase RT (%)
Males
0.027
Males: (1)-(2)
Females
Load response LT (%)
Males
0.065
Females
Load response RT (%)
Males
0.267
Females
Single support LT (%)
Males
0.098
Females
Single support RT (%)
Males
0.368
Females
Preswing LT (%)
Males
0.241
Females
Preswing RT (%)
Males
0.524
Females
Swing phase LT (%)
Males
0.270
Females
Swing phase RT (%)
Males
0.027
Males: (1)-(2)
Females
Double stance (%)
Males
0.095
Females
Step length LT (cm)
Males
0.028
Males: (1)-(2)
Females
Step length RT (cm)
Males
0.004
Males: (1)-(2)
Females
Stride length (cm)
Males
0.037
(1)-(3)
Females
Velocity (m/s)
Males
0.557
Females
Step time LT (ms)
Males
0.002
(1)-(2)
Females
Step time RT (ms)
Males
0.012
(1)-(2)
Females
Stride time (ms)
Males
0.003
Males: (1)-(2)
Females
Step frequency (step/min)
Males
0.005
Males: (1)-(2)
Females
Where: italics indicate Friedman test results; bold indicates significant differences between males and females; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; RT: right; LT: left; : partial eta squared.
