Antimicrobial Resistance, Multilocus Sequence, and spa Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Retail Raw Meat Products

Table 1

Frequency of resistance genes of the S. aureus isolates from retail raw meats.

	β-Lactam		Aminoglycoside		Chloramphenicol			Tetracycline			Macrolide		Quinolone			Trimethoprim		Sulphonamide
	AR^a	blaZ	AR^a	aacA-aphD	AR^a	chlA	fexA	AR^a	tetK	tetM	AR^a	ermA	AR^a	grlA	norA	AR^a	dfrA	AR^a	sulI
Ground beef ( =17)
No. of isolates^b	17	17	0	0	0	9	0	7	15	0	0	0	0	17	15	0	0	17	17
Prevalence (%)	100	100	0	0	0	52.9	0	41.2	88.2	0	0	0	0	100	88.2	0	0	100	100
Chicken meat ( =13)
No. of isolates^b	13	13	1	1	0	13	0	4	13	12	1	1	1	10	11	1	0	13	13
Prevalence (%)	100	100	7.7	7.7	0	100	0	30.8	100	92.3	7.7	7.7	7.7	76.9	84.6	7.7	0	100	100
Seawater fish ( =12)
No. of isolates^b	12	12	0	0	0	3	0	1	9	1	1	0	0	12	12	0	0	12	12
Prevalence (%)	100	100	0	0	0	25	0	8.3	75	8.3	8.3	0	0	100	100	0	0	100	100
Freshwater fish ( =8)
No. of isolates^b	8	8	0	0	0	5	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	8	8	0	0	8	8
Prevalence (%)	100	100	0	0	0	62.5	0	0	37.5	0	0	0	0	100	100	0	0	100	100

^aAR, the resistant isolates detected by the broth microdilution method. ^bNumber of the isolates positive for resistance phenotypes and genes encoding resistance to antimicrobials.