Trends of Inequalities in Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2016
Table 2
Trends of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia based on different summary measures of inequality (EDHS 2000–2016).
Dimensions
Measure of inequality
Years
2000
2005
2011
2016
Estimate
LB
UB
Estimate
LB
UB
Estimate
LB
UB
Estimate
LB
UB
Wealth quintile
D
-8.0
-14.8
-1.3
-8.2
-16.0
-0.5
9.2
1.5
17.0
0.6
-6.3
7.5
R
0.8
0.7
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.0
0.9
1.1
RII
0.9
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.0
0.9
1.0
SII
-7.1
-12.2
-2.0
-8.8
-13.8
-3.9
8.7
3.5
13.9
-3.0
-7.7
1.6
PAR
0.0
-2.9
2.9
0.0
-2.7
2.7
6.3
3.6
8.9
1.1
-1.3
3.5
Education
D
-7.3
-16.6
2.0
-6.5
-15.4
2.4
13.4
3.9
22.9
-3.7
-10.7
3.4
R
0.8
0.7
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.5
1.0
0.9
1.1
RII
0.9
0.8
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.0
0.9
1.1
SII
-4.6
-11.9
2.8
-11.7
-18.3
-5.2
6.5
0.3
12.6
-1.5
-6.8
3.7
PAR
0.0
-0.7
0.7
0.0
-0.8
0.8
12.6
11.5
13.6
0.0
-1.1
1.1
Residence
D
-3.8
-10.2
2.5
-5.6
-14.7
3.5
6.5
-1.1
14.1
-0.8
-7.4
5.8
R
0.9
0.8
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.0
0.9
1.1
PAR
0.0
-0.5
0.5
0.0
-0.4
0.4
5.6
5.0
6.2
0.0
-0.5
0.5
Subnational regions
D
35.7
26.8
44.6
38.0
31.0
45.1
29.1
20.6
37.5
48.5
40.2
56.8
R
2.3
1.7
2.9
1.7
1.5
2.0
1.8
1.5
2.1
2.2
1.8
2.6
PAR
16.7
11.4
22.0
24.1
18.1
30.0
15.0
12.3
17.7
17.2
2.2
32.2
Significant inequality. Significant change in inequality with 95% UI; D: Difference; R: Ratio; RII: Relative Index of Inequality; SII: Slope Index of Inequality; PAR: Population Attributable Risk; LB: lower bound; UB: upper bound.
