Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) on Alveolar Bone during Maxillary Expansion Using Clear Aligners

Table 3

Difference in bone thickness at 3 mm and 6 mm for clear aligner (control) and LIPUS with clear aligner.

(a)

Tooth number	Clear aligner (control)				LIPUS with clear aligner
	BT-3 mm before	BT-3 mm after	Mean difference (SD)	p value	BT-3 mm before	BT-3 mm after	Mean difference (SD)	value
Rt second molar	2.62	2.30	0.32 (0.39)	0.040	2.33	2.07	-0.25 (0.30)	≤0.001
Rt first molar	0.69	0.60	0.09 (0.14)	0.078	0.90	0.55	-0.33 (0.55)	0.02
Rt second premolar	1.62	1.47	0.14 (0.41)	0.321	1.40	0.88	-0.49 (0.46)	≤0.001
Rt first premolar	1.00	0.82	0.18 (0.32)	0.124	1.10	0.55	-0.56 (0.58)	≤0.001
Rt canine	0.56	0.52	0.04 (0.11)	0.347	0.67	0.38	-0.29 (0.47)	0.02
Lt second molar	2.19	1.96	0.23 (0.27)	0.033	2.10	1.90	-0.20 (0.27)	≤0.001
Lt first molar	1.03	0.69	0.34 (0.61)	0.132	0.92	0.53	-0.36 (0.50)	0.01
Lt second premolar	1.37	1.26	0.11 (0.13)	0.035	1.32	0.99	-0.33 (0.42)	≤0.001
Lt first premolar	0.39	0.27	0.11 (0.19)	0.111	0.98	0.61	-0.37 (0.67)	0.03
Lt canine	0.37	0.34	0.03 (0.10)	0.484	0.77	0.45	-0.32 (0.52)	0.03

(b)

Tooth number	Clear aligner (control)				LIPUS with clear aligner
	BT-6 mm before	BT-6 mm after	Mean difference (SD)	value	BT-6 mm before	BT-6 mm after	Mean difference (SD)	value
Rt second molar	1.74	1.57	0.16 (0.25)	0.090	2.73	2.51	-0.21 (0.29)	≤0.001
Rt first molar	0.63	0.47	0.17 (0.36)	0.203	0.84	0.63	-0.20 (0.49)	0.10
Rt second premolar	1.51	1.60	-0.1 (0.39)	0.479	1.09	0.64	-0.42 (0.75)	0.03
Rt first premolar	0.25	0.19	0.06 (0.12)	0.156	0.72	0.33	-0.39 (0.63)	0.02
Rt canine	0.19	0.15	0.03 (0.08)	0.222	0.41	0.21	-0.19 (0.39)	0.05
Lt second molar	2.19	2.00	0.19 (0.44)	0.246	2.53	2.33	-0.21 (0.27)	≤0.001
Lt first molar	0.86	0.66	0.20 (0.45)	0.215	0.80	0.54	-0.25 (0.51)	0.06
Lt second premolar	1.24	1.26	-0.03 (0.15)	0.607	0.93	0.77	-0.15 (0.26)	0.02
Lt first premolar	0.11	0.08	0.03 (0.09)	0.347	0.71	0.43	-0.28 (0.52)	0.03
Lt canine	0.24	0.21	0.03 (0.07)	0.173	0.44	0.33	-0.11 (0.31)	0.168