BioMed Research International

Research Article

Impact of Physical Activity and Medication Adherence on the Seizure Frequency and Quality of Life of Epileptic Patients: A Population Study in West Texas

(a) General demographic information: basic information


	People with epilepsy (total , %)

(range)	(19–70)
Gender
Male	10/24 (42%)
Female	14/24 (58%)
Body mass index (BMI)
Underweight (≤18.5)	1/17 (6%)
Normal weight (18.5–24.9)	6/17 (35%)
Overweight (25–29.9)	2/17 (12%)
Obese (≥30)	8/17 (47%)
Obese class I (30.0-34.9)	4/17 (24%)
Obese class 2 (35-39.9)	2/17 (12%)
Obese class 3 (≥40)	2/17 (12%)
Marital status
Single	12/24 (50%)
Married	5/24 (20.8%)
Divorced	4/24 (16.7%)
Engaged or in a relationship	3/24 (12.5%)
Ethnicity
White or Caucasian	14/24 (58.3%)
Hispanic or Latino	7/24 (29.2%)
Asian	1/24 (4.2%)
Black or African American	1/24 (4.2%)
Other (mixed, White, and Latino)	1/24 (4.2%)
Health insurance
Yes (e.g., Medicaid, JOWYATT)	14/24 (58.3%)
No	10/24 (41.7%)
Education
High school diploma or GED	17/24 (70.8%)
Some college credits	3/24 (12.5%)
Associate degree from college	1/24 (4.2%)
Bachelor’s degree from college	3/24 (12.5%)
Occupation
Employed	6/24 (25%)
Unemployed (e.g., homebound)	17/24 (70.8%)
Student	1/24 (4.2%)
Income level
$0-$5000	15/24 (62.5%)
$5000-$10,000	1/24 (4.2%)
$10,000-$20,000	4/24 (16.7%)
$20,000-$30,000	2/24 (8.3%)
$30,000-$40,000	2/24 (8.3%)

For some questions, not all of them responded to the questions.

(b) General demographic information: health-related information


	People with epilepsy (total , %)

Other health conditions besides epilepsy
Arthritis	7/18 (38.9%)
Hypertension	6/18 (33.3%)
Asthma	4/18 (22.2%)
Migraine/headache	4/18 (22.2%)
None	3/18 (16.7%)
Liver problems (e.g., cirrhosis, fatty liver)	2/18 (11.1%)
Acid reflux/GERD	2/18 (11.1%)
Type 2 diabetes	2/18 (11.1%)
Heart failure	2/18 (11.1%)
Bipolar disorder	2/18 (11.1%)
Anxiety sensitivity	1/18 (5.6%)
Depression	1/18 (5.6%)
Sleep apnea	1/18 (5.6%)
IGA neuropathy	1/18 (5.6%)
Chronic bronchitis/COPD	1/18 (5.6%)
Hyperthyroidism	1/18 (5.6%)
Smoking
Yes	9/24 (37.5%)
≤1/2 pack per day	6/24 (25%)
≥1/2 to 1 pack per day	2/24 (8.3%)
Do not know	1/24 (4.2%)
No	15/24 (62.5%)

For some questions, not all of them responded to questions. Some patients had ≥2 health conditions.

(c) General demographic information: perception of physical activity and seizure detection device


	People with epilepsy (total , %)

Importance of exercise/physical activity
Extremely important	1/24 (4.2%)
Very important	6/24 (25%)
Somewhat important	15/24 (62.5%)
Not so important	1/24 (4.2%)
Not at all important	1/24 (4.2%)
Exercise regularly
Yes	12/24 (50%)
No	12/24 (50%)
Types of exercise
Walking	8/14 (57.1%)
Running	1/14 (7.1%)
Yardwork	2/14 (14.3%)
Standard exercise	1/14 (7.1%)
No exercise/NA	2/14 (14.3%)
Potential barriers to prevent physical activity
Fear of fall injury	5/21 (24%)
Uncertainty for suitable exercise	4/21 (19%)
Hard to find time for exercise	3/21 (14%)
Physical disability or other disease conditions	6/21 (29%)
Others (e.g., bad hips, tired/do not feel well, always must have someone with me, joint pain)	5/21 (24%)
Aware of the seizure detection device on the market
Yes, but do not know the name	1/24 (4.2%)
Yes (e.g., SeizureLink)	1/24 (4.2%)
No	22/24 (91.7%)
Purchased seizure detection device/reasons for not purchasing a device
Yes	0/2 (0%)
No (e.g., cost, uncertain how it really works)	2/2 (100%)

For some questions, not all of them responded to questions. Some patients had ≥2 responses.

(d) General demographic information: characteristics of seizures, types, and the total number of anticonvulsants used


	People with epilepsy (total , %)

Onset of seizure for the first time
Pediatric and adolescent (age 0-18)	13/24 (54.2%)
Adult (≥18)	9/24 (37.5%)
Unknown/not sure	2/24 (8.3%)
Types of seizures
Complex focal seizures (loss of consciousness)	10/21 (47.6%)
Complex focal seizures (loss of consciousness)	5/21 (23.8%)
Simple focal seizures (seizure without loss of consciousness)	7/21 (33.3%)
	10/21 (47.6%)
Generalized seizures (absence seizures)	3/21 (14.3%)
Generalized seizures (tonic-clonic seizures)	1/21 (4.8%)
Generalized seizures: atonic seizures (also known as drop attacks)	6/21 (28.6%)
Unknown/idiopathic
Other (e.g., nocturnal seizure, do not know)
Seizure frequencies
0-10 per year	6/24 (25%)
11-24 per year	6/24 (25%)
25-48 per year	8/24 (33.3%)
60-120 per year	1/24 (4.2%)
180 per year	1/24 (4.2%)
Uncertain/unknown	2/24 (8.3%)
Types of anticonvulsants used	People with epilepsy (total , %)
Brivaracetam	1/21 (4.8%)
Carbamazepine	8/21 (38.1%)
Clonazepam	2/21 (9.5%)
Eslicarbazepine	2/21 (9.5%)
Lacosamide	1/21 (4.8%)
Levetiracetam	3/21 (14.3%)
Perampanel	1/21 (4.8%)
Phenobarbital	1/21 (4.8%)
Phenytoin	3/21 (14.3%)
Pregabalin	1/21 (4.8%)
Topiramate	1/21 (4.8%)
Valproic acid	4/21 (19.0%)
Zonisamide	1/21 (4.8%)
Total number of anticonvulsants used per patient
One anticonvulsant	9/21 (42.9%)
Two anticonvulsants	6/21 (28.6%)
Three anticonvulsants	1/21 (4.8%)
Four anticonvulsants	2/21 (9.5%)
Unknown	3/21 (14.3%)

For some questions, not all of them responded to questions. Some patients had ≥2 responses.