Mechanism of Hypoxia-Mediated Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Leading to Vascular Remodeling

Figure 2

Ang II promotes SMC proliferation mainly through JAK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways. (1) Ang II promotes cells growth, proliferation, and survival through the Raf-1/MAPK pathway. (2) Ang II activates receptor JAKs and stimulates phosphorylation of STATs, which translocate to the nucleus and bind to SIE elements to promote transcription and translation of cell proliferation genes [69]. (3) Ang II stimulates cells proliferation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.