Frequent Eating Out and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Evidence from a Community Observatory in Malaysia

Table 3

Demographic, socioeconomic, and dietary and lifestyle practice by CVD risk ().

Variables	CVD risk
	Low; ()		Moderate; ()		High; ()
		%		%		%
Age groups
35 to 39	1,035	87.5	170	14.1	2	0.2
40 to 49	1,557	52.9	1,225	41.6	163	5.5
50 to 59	703	18.9	2,194	58.9	828	22.2
60 to 69	144	5.6	1,116	43.1	1,331	51.4
70 and above	0	0.0	394	27.6	1,035	72.4
Gender
Male	551	10.6	2,184	42.2	2,442	47.2
Female	2,888	43.0	2,915	43.4	917	13.6
Ethnicity
Malay	2,131	28.4	3,252	43.3	2,123	28.3
Chinese	804	26.8	1,298	43.2	900	30.0
Indian	425	36.6	456	39.2	281	24.2
Aborigine	33	24.6	60	44.8	41	30.6
Other	46	49.5	33	35.5	14	15.1
Marital status
Never married	220	40.9	230	42.8	88	16.4
Married	2,932	30.4	4,122	42.4	2,667	27.4
Separated/divorced	100	41.8	106	44.4	33	13.8
Widowed/widower	150	11.3	619	46.5	561	42.2
Other	23	52.3	14	31.8	7	15.9
Education
No formal education	45	12.2	158	42.7	167	45.1
Primary/secondary	3,044	29.3	4,442	42.8	2,903	27.9
Tertiary	239	43.6	213	38.9	96	17.5
Other	60	16.3	176	48.0	131	35.7
Monthly income^†
Below RM1,000	1,907	30.9	2,638	42.8	1,618	26.3
RM1,000–RM1,999	774	23.9	1,342	41.5	1,117	34.5
RM2,000–RM2,999	401	30.1	583	43.8	348	26.1
RM3,000 and above	357	30.5	536	45.9	276	23.6
Occupation
Paid employee	1,200	35.5	1,546	45.8	630	18.7
Self-employed	362	16.5	875	40.0	952	43.5
Homemaker	1,675	40.5	1,917	46.3	547	13.2
Not working	166	12.4	488	36.5	682	51.0
Others	36	4.2	273	31.9	548	63.9
Frequency of meals taken outside per week
0 meal	1,149	28.1	1,731	42.4	1,207	29.5
1–5 meals	1,473	30.0	2,126	43.4	1,304	26.6
6–10 meals	391	28.6	574	42.1	400	29.3
11 meals and above	419	27.5	661	43.4	443	29.1
Level of total physical activity
Low	3,086	29.2	4,532	42.8	2,962	28.0
Moderate	181	28.8	246	39.2	201	32.0
High	172	25.0	321	46.6	196	28.4

Notes: ^†USD $1 is equivalent to RM3.00 (13 May 2013).