Shrunken Pore Syndrome Is Associated with Renal Function Decline in Female Patients with Kidney Diseases
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Population
Overall
IgAN ()
MN ()
Total ()
Non-SPS (, 93%)
SPS (, 7%)
Non-SPS (, 88%)
SPS (, 12%)
Characteristics
Age, yearsd
37 (27~48)
33 (26~44)
34 (27~43)
50 (41~59)
48 (44~55)
Women, no. (%)c,d
274 (51%)
220 (57%)
12 (40%)
40 (37%)
2 (14%)
Mean arterial BP (mmHg), d
Medication
ACEi or ARB, no. (%)
214 (40%)
159 (41%)
14 (47%)
37 (34%)
4 (29%)
Glucocorticoids, no. (%)d
316 (59%)
215 (56%)
19 (63%)
72 (67%)
10 (71%)
Immunosuppressants, no. (%)d
129 (24%)
72 (19%)
4 (13%)
45 (42%)
8 (57%)
Renal pathology
Glomerulosclerosis, no. (%)a,d
393 (73%)
299 (78%)
28 (93%)
59 (55%)
7 (50%)
Percent of crescentsd
C0 (0%)
288 (54%)
163 (42%)
14 (47%)
99 (92%)
12 (86%)
C1 (<25%)
197 (37%)
174 (45%)
12 (40%)
9 (8%)
2 (14%)
C2 (≥25%)
51 (10%)
47 (12%)
4 (13%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
Basement membrane thickeningd
Without thickening, no. (%)
354 (66%)
323 (84%)
28 (93%)
3 (3%)
0 (0%)
Segmental thickening, no. (%)
86 (16%)
55 (14%)
2 (7%)
26 (24%)
3 (21%)
Diffuse thickening, no. (%)
96 (18%)
6 (2%)
0 (0%)
79 (73%)
11 (79%)
Laboratory
Creatinine (μmol/L)a,d
80 (64~104)
80 (63~109)
94 (79~123)
75 (63~89)
72 (62~94)
eGFR (CKD-EPIcr) (mL/min/1.73 m2)
95 (69~112)
93 (64~116)
82 (53~100)
98 (79~108)
102 (85~110)
eGFR (LMrev) (mL/min/1.73 m2)d
84 (64~98)
82 (61~98)
75 (51~87)
86 (72~95)
90 (78~101)
Cystatin C (mg/L)a,b,c
1.1 (0.9~1.3)
1.0 (0.8~1.3)
1.5 (1.3~2.2)
1.0 (0.8~1.2)
1.3 (1.2~1.6)
eGFR (CKD-EPIcys) (mL/min/1.73 m2)a,b,c
76 (58~100)
78 (58~102)
47 (28~61)
80 (65~100)
58 (46~65)
eGFR (CAPA) (mL/min/1.73 m2)a,b,c
73 (56~94)
76 (58~96)
48 (30~59)
76 (63~93)
57 (45~62)
eGFRcys/eGFRcr (CKD-EPI)a,b,c,d
0.85 (0.74~0.96)
0.87 (0.78~0.98)
0.59 (0.52~0.62)
0.83 (0.76~0.97)
0.59 (0.53~0.64)
eGFRcys/eGFRcr (CAPA-LM)a,b,c,d
0.92 (0.81~1.05)
0.96 (0.86~1.08)
0.66 (0.59~0.68)
0.89 (0.82~1.03)
0.63 (0.57~0.66)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L), d
4.47 (3.83~5.43)
4.26 (3.72~4.84)
4.31 (3.71~5.18)
6.07 (5.14~7.80)
6.92 (5.34~8.85)
Albumin (g/L), c,d
39.8 (34.2 ~43.3)
40.8 (38.7 ~44.1)
41.1 (36.4~42.7)
29.6 (24.3~35.6)
27.2 (21.4~31.5)
Hemoglobin (g/dL),
Fibrinogen (g/L), c,d
3.5 (2.9~4.4)
3.3 (2.8~3.9)
3.5 (3.0~4.4)
4.7 (4.0~5.8)
4.5 (4.0~6.2)
Urine albumin (g/L), d
0.6 (0.2~1.7)
0.5 (0.2~1.0)
0.5 (0.1~1.0)
2.7 (0.8~5.2)
4.4 (2.2~6.5)
Hematuriad
Negative (-), no. (%)
35 (6%)
24 (6%)
3 (10%)
7 (6%)
1 (7%)
Semi-positive (±), no. (%)
36 (7%)
23 (6%)
3 (10%)
8 (7%)
2 (14%)
1+, no. (%)
59 (11%)
28 (7%)
2 (7%)
27 (25%)
2 (14%)
2+, no. (%)
144 (27%)
95 (25%)
4 (13%)
39 (36%)
6 (43%)
3+, no. (%)
251 (47%)
208 (54%)
16 (53%)
24 (22%)
3 (21%)
SPS: shrunken pore syndrome; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations for creatinine-based (CKD-EPIcr) or cystatin C-based (CKD-EPIcys) eGFR estimation; CAPA: Caucasian Asian Pediatric Adult equation; LM or LMrev: revised Lund-Malmö equation; IgAN: IgA nephropathy; MN: membranous nephropathy; BP: blood pressure; ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; BUN: blood urea nitrogen. Medication represents the usage of corresponding drugs (RAASi, glucocorticoids, or immunosuppressants) in follow-up since baseline. a, b, and c represent statistically significant differences between non-SPS and SPS patients among the IgAN, MN, and the overall population, respectively, while d denotes significant difference between the IgAN and MN patients.
