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| Author | Study type | No.of cases | No. of lesions | Clinical-stage | Primary disease (no. of cases) | Medication history (no. of cases) | Fluorescence detection technology(no. of cases) | Intraoperative fluorescence | Histological verification |
|
| Pautke et al., [14] | N-RCT | 15 | 20 | II-III | Malignant tumor (15) | Bisphosphonates (15) | Tetracycline fluorescence, with preoperative doxycycline oral labeling | No or weak fluorescence in necrotic bone | No |
| Assaf et al., [13] | N-RCT | 20 | 23 | I-III | Malignant tumor (18), osteoporosis (2) | Bisphosphonates (20) | Tetracycline fluorescence, with preoperative doxycycline oral labeling | No fluorescence in necrotic bone | Yes |
| Otto et al., [12] | N-RCT | 54 | 65 | 0-III | Malignant tumor (45), osteoporosis (9) | Bisphosphonates (47), denosumab (3), bisphosphonates & denosumab (4) | Tetracycline fluorescence, with preoperative doxycycline oral labeling | No or weak fluorescence in necrotic bone | No |
| Ristow et al., [16] | RCTs | 40 | 51 | I - III | Malignant tumor (34), osteoporosis (6) | Bisphosphonates (32), bisphosphonates & denosumab (8) | Tetracycline fluorescence (20), with preoperative tetracycline oral labeling; autofluorescence (20), no oral tetracycline before the operation | No or weak fluorescence in necrotic bone in two types of different fluorescence detection equipment | Yes |
| Giudice et al., [15] | RCT | 36 | 39 | I-III | Malignant tumor (23), osteoporosis (13) | Bisphosphonates (30), denosumab (5), bisphosphonate & denosumab (1) | Autofluorescence (18), no oral tetracycline before operation; traditional surgery (18) | No fluorescence in necrotic bone | Yes |
| Otto et al., [11] | N -RCT | 75 | 82 | 0-III | Malignant tumor (65), osteoporosis (10) | Bisphosphonates (51), denosumab (15), bisphosphonates & denosumab (9) | Autofluorescence (18), no oral tetracycline before operation | No fluorescence in necrotic bone | No |
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