Associations between Gene-Gene Interaction and Overweight/Obesity of 12-Month-Old Chinese Infants
Table 1
General characteristics of participants in case and control groups.
Case group ()
Control group ()
Infants
Boys, (%)
92 (42.01)
284 (55.15)
0.0011
BMI_Z at birth
-0.52 (1.18)
-0.46 (1.15)
0.5528
BMI_Z at 12-month old
1.64 (1.31, 2.00)
0.03 (-0.53, 0.50)
<.0001
Feeding pattern in the 1-month old, (%)
0.1330
Exclusive breastfeeding
87 (39.73)
240 (46.60)
Mixed feeding
106 (48.40)
232 (45.05)
Formula feeding
26 (11.87)
43 (8.35)
Weight gain velocity (0-3 months old)
0.63 (-0.07, 1.56)
0.45 (-0.36, 1.18)
0.0028
Mothers
Age (year)
28.82 (26.97, 31.47)
28.44 (26.50, 31.00)
0.1430
Educational level, (%)
0.6459
Middle school or under
10 (5.46)
32 (7.24)
High school/technical
33 (18.03)
82 (18.55)
University/college
128 (69.95)
290 (65.61)
Master’s degree or advanced
12 (6.56)
38 (8.60)
Prepregnancy smoking, (%)
2 (0.92)
19 (3.73)
0.0378
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
20.45 (18.82, 22.55)
20.00 (18.25, 21.99)
0.0209
Gestational weight gain (kg)
14.10 (11.76, 17.00)
14.40 (12.00, 17.00)
0.7177
Gestational week (week)
39.29 (38.57, 40.00)
39.29 (38.43, 40.14)
0.8229
Caesarean section, (%)
85 (38.81)
184 (35.73)
0.4275
Fathers
Educational level, (%)
0.5527
Middle school or under
11 (6.04)
24 (5.52)
High school/technical
21 (11.54)
68 (15.63)
University/college
133 (73.08)
310 (71.26)
Master’s degree or advanced
17 (9.34)
33 (7.59)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.66 (21.72, 26.23)
23.82 (21.63, 25.65)
0.6166
Smoking, (%)
57 (27.54)
143 (28.83)
0.7288
Household monthly income (yuan/RMB), (%)
0.9618
<5001
98 (44.75)
197 (38.25)
5001~8000
26 (11.87)
126 (24.47)
8001~15000
66 (30.14)
128 (24.85)
>15000
29 (13.24)
64 (12.43)
Note: refers to significant difference between the groups, ; results from variables with normal distribution were presented as mean (standard deviation), with skewed distribution that were present as median (interquartile range), results from category variables were presented as frequency (percentage).
