Active Aging through Volunteerism: A Longitudinal Assessment of Perceived Neighborhood Safety as a Predictor among Older Adults, 2008-2018

Table 3

Multivariate logistic regression models estimating the average marginal effect of each predictor on volunteerism among older adults, by gender.

Variable	Males			Females
	Average marginal effect	95% confidence interval	value	Average marginal effect	95% confidence interval	value
Perceived neighborhood safety (Ref: fair/poor)
Excellent	0.04	(0.02, 0.07)	<0.0001	0.03	(0.01, 0.05)	0.01
Very good	0.02	(-0.00, 0.05)	0.07	0.02	(0.00, 0.04)	0.05
Good	0.00	(-0.02, 0.03)	0.76	-0.01	(-0.03, 0.01)	0.46
Age	-0.01	(-0.01, -0.00)	<0.0001	-0.00	(-0.00, -0.00)	<0.0001
Race (Ref: White)
Black	-0.01	(-0.03, 0.01)	0.36	-0.04	(-0.05, -0.02)	<0.0001
Other	-0.04	(-0.07, -0.01)	0.02	-0.02	(-0.04, 0.01)	0.31
Hispanic ethnicity	-0.09	(-0.12, -0.06)	<0.0001	-0.09	(-0.12, -0.07)	<0.0001
Education (Ref: less than HS)
GED	0.09	(0.05, 0.12)	<0.0001	0.06	(0.03, 0.09)	<0.0001
High school graduate	0.09	(0.06, 0.11)	<0.0001	0.09	(0.07, 0.11)	<0.0001
Some college	0.13	(0.11, 0.16)	<0.0001	0.17	(0.15, 0.19)	<0.0001
College grad and higher	0.23	(0.20, 0.25)	<0.0001	0.29	(0.27, 0.32)	<0.0001
Marital status (Ref: married)
Divorced/separated/widowed	-0.05	(-0.06, -0.03)	<0.0001	-0.01	(-0.02, 0.01)	0.44
Never married	-0.06	(-0.10, -0.02)	0.007	-0.02	(-0.05, 0.02)	0.34
Working for pay	0.03	(0.02, 0.05)	<0.0001	0.01	(-0.00, 0.03)	0.11
Total assets ($)			<0.0001			<0.0001
Religious attendance (Ref: not at all)
>once/week	0.57	(0.54, 0.59)	<0.0001	0.49	(0.47, 0.51)	<0.0001
Once/week	0.33	(0.31, 0.35)	<0.0001	0.28	(0.26, 0.29)	<0.0001
Two/three times/month	0.22	(0.20, 0.24)	<0.0001	0.19	(0.17, 0.20)	<0.0001
Once or more/year	0.22	(0.20, 0.24)	<0.0001	0.08	(0.07, 0.10)	<0.0001
Depressed	-0.02	(-0.04, 0.00)	0.05	-0.04	(-0.05, -0.02)	<0.0001
Self-assessed health status (Ref: poor)
Excellent	0.16	(0.12, 0.19)	<0.0001	0.19	(0.16, 0.22)	<0.0001
Very good	0.14	(0.11, 0.17)	<0.0001	0.19	(0.16, 0.21)	<0.0001
Good	0.12	(0.09, 0.14)	<0.0001	0.13	(0.11, 0.16)	<0.0001
Fair	0.09	(0.06, 0.11)	<0.0001	0.07	(0.05, 0.09)	<0.0001

Results in bold indicate statistical significance at the level.