BioMed Research International

Research Article

Reconstruction of Foot and Ankle Defects Using Free Lateral Arm Flap: A Retrospective Review of Its Versatile Application

Table 1

Patient demographics and operative data.


	Age/sex	Location	Etiology	Comorbities	Flap size (cm²) and type	Anastomosis (artery, vein)	Recipient vessels (A/V)	Sensate flap/2PD (mm)	Postoperative complications

1	78/M	Medial malleolus & dorsal hindfoot	Skin necrosis (cellulitis)	DM	, FC	ES, EE	PTA/PTV	-/31	-
2	50/M	Lateral malleolus	Chronic ulcer	Smoke	, FC	EE, EE	ATA/ATV, cutaneous vein	-/30	-
3	72/F	Lateral malleolus	Chronic osteomyelitis		, FC	ES, EE	ATA/ATV	-/28	-
4	48/F	Plantar forefoot (1st toe)	Malignant melanoma		, FC	EE, EE	MPA/MPV	+/14	Debulking
5	77/F	Plantar forefoot	Malignant melanoma	DM	, FC	EE, EE	MPA/cutaneous vein	+/28	Partial necrosis
6	69/M	Plantar forefoot	Diabetic foot	HTN, DM	, FC	ES, EE		-/32	-
7	89/F	Dorsal mid & forefoot	Burn	HTN, DM	, Ext. FC	EE, EE	DPA/DPV	-/32	Marginal necrosis
8	78/F	Medial malleolus	Chronic osteomyelitis		, Ext. FC	ES, EE	PTA/PTV	-/25	-
9	78/M	Plantar heel	Malignant melanoma		, FC	ES, EE	PTA/PTV	+/16	-
10	49/M	Plantar heel	Chronic ulcer		, FC	ES, EE	PTA/PTV	-/28	-
11	49/M	Dorsal mid & forefoot	Trauma		, FC	EE, EE	DPA/DPV	+/23	-
12	70/M	Plantar midfoot	Malignant melanoma		, FC	ES, EE	PTA/PTV	+/20	-
13	72/M	Medial malleolus	Chronic osteomyelitis	DM, HTN, KTPL	, FC	ES, EE	PTA/PTV	-/25	Flap congestion & reanastomosis (vein)
14	65/M	Dorsal mid & forefoot	Degloving injury		, FC	EE, EE	DPA/DPV	+/17	-
15	73/F	Dorsal midfoot	Chronic ulcer	Epilepsy	, FC	ES, EE	ATA/ATV	-/20	Proximal margin necrosis
16	58/M	Plantar & dorsal forefoot	Chronic ulcer	DM	, FC	EE, EE	1st dorsal metatarsal artery/cutaneous vein	-/33	Flap congestion & reanastomosis (vein)
17	50/F	Plantar forefoot	Diabetic foot	DM	, OMC	ES, EE	MPA/MPV, cutaneous vein	-/35	-
18	73/F	Dorsal forefoot	Trauma		, FC	EE, EE	DPA/DPV, cutaneous vein	-/25	-
19	58/M	Medial malleolus	Chronic osteomyelitis	DM, HTN	, MC	ES, EE	PTA/PTV	-/32	-
20	70/M	Plantar heel	Diabetic foot	DM	, FC	ES, EE	PTV/PTV	+/16	-

DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; KTPL: kidney transplantation; FC: fasciocutaenous flap; Ext.: extended; OMC: osteomyocutaneous flap; MC: musculocutaneous flap; ES: end to side; EE: end to end; PTA: posterior tibial artery; PTV: posterior tibial vein; ATA: anterior tibial artery; ATV: anterior tibial vein; MPA: medial plantar artery; MPV: medial plantar vein; DPA: dorsalis pedis artery; DPV: dorsalis pedis vein; 2PD: 2-point discrimination test.