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Probiotics | Cell lines | Outcomes | References |
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Bifidobacterium breve Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus rhamnosus (GG) | Human intestinal epithelial cells | Probiotics induce autophagy in gut epithelial cells that have beneficial clinical effects attributed to a healthy enteric | [25] |
Bifidobacteria | Rat intestinal epithelial cell line | Probiotics stimulated an autophagy response in IEC, thereby maintaining balanced crosstalk with intestinal epithelia | [35] |
Bifidobacterium breve | Mice intestinal epithelial cells | Probiotics increase expression of the autophagy proteins and promote their survival during stress | [26] |
Bifidobacteria | Rat intestinal epithelial cell line | Probiotic treatment through inhibiting LPS-induced autophagy provides enteroprotection and maintains gut homeostasis | [29] |
B. dentium | Mice intestinal cells | Probiotics via upregulation of gene expression and autophagy signaling pathways, net increased production | [27] |
Bacillus SC06 or SC08 | Rat intestinal epithelial cell line | Attenuates oxidative stress-induced intestinal injury via p38-mediated autophagy | [28] |
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) | Mice intestinal epithelial cells | LAB exert anti-infection and anti-inflammation effects through inducing autophagy | [30] |
LAB | Human colon cancer cells | Probiotic treatment exert antitumourigenic via the activation of autophagic cell death in cancer cells | [12] |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 | Murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 | Probiotics-mediated autophagy, prevent bacterial infection in intestine | [31] |
Lactobacillus brevis BGZLS10-17 | MLNC | The immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus brevis BGZLS10-17 via ATG5-dependent autophagy in MLNC | [32] |
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) | HMDMs | LAB enhance the autophagic ability of mononuclear phagocytes in response to Mtb antigen | [33] |
Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria | BMCD from autophagy protein-deficient mice | Probiotics via autophagy induce immune-regulatory responses | [34] |
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