BioMed Research International / 2020 / Article / Tab 3 / Research Article
Determinants of Risk Factors for Renal Impairment among HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Antiretroviral Regimen in Southern Vietnam Table 3 Predictors for renal impairment (KDIGO 2012) among HIV-infected patients in Soc Trang, Vietnam, with univariate and multivariate models.
Variables Renal impairment % for each category Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis N N % PR (95% CI) aPR (95% CI) Sex Female 194 16 8.3 0.860 Ref Male 206 18 8.7 1.06 (0.54–2.08) Age group 20–29 38 1 2.6 <0.001 Ref Ref 30–39 181 7 3.9 1.47 (0.18–11.94) 1.35 (0.16–11.01) 40–49 127 6 4.7 1.79 (0.22–14.91) 2.06 (0.14–17.14) 50–59 43 11 25.6 9.72 (1.25–75.29)¥ 7.72 (0.99–60.14) ≥60 11 9 81.8 31.09 (3.94–245.40)§ 26.75 (3.38–211.62)¥ HIV transmission Drug addition 30 2 6.7 0.510 Ref Sexuality 358 32 8.9 1.34 (0.32–5.59) Mother to child 12 0 0.0 — BMI <18.5 85 18 21.2 <0.001 Ref Ref 18.5–25 268 15 5.6 0.26 (0.13–0.75)¥ 0.31 (0.15–0.62)¥ >25 47 1 2.1 0.13 (1.33–0.52)¥ 0.19 (0.02–1.48) WHO stage (current) Stage 1 393 29 7.4 <0.001 Ref Ref Stage 2 3 2 66.7 9.03 (2.15–37.86)§ 1.88 (0.24–14.94) Stage 3 2 2 100.0 13.55 (3.23–56.79)§ 1.67 (0.20–14.12) Stage 4 2 1 50.0 6.77 (0.92–49.74) 2.40 (0.24–24.09) Tested time for HIV positive (years) <5 87 9 10.3 0.840 Ref 5–10 266 21 7.9 1.31 (0.60–2.86) 11–15 44 4 9.1 1.15 (0.40–3.35) >15 3 0 0.0 — Treatment time 3–5 168 14 8.3 0.980 Ref 6–10 199 17 8.5 1.02 (0.50–2.08) >10 33 3 9.1 1.09 (0.31–3.79) Preexposure to cotrimoxazole No 26 3 11.5 0.560 Ref Yes 374 31 8.3 0.72 (0.22–2.34) Preexposure to isoniazid No 21 5 23.8 0.010 Ref Ref Yes 379 29 7.7 0.32 (0.12–0.83)¥ 0.35 (0.14–0.91)¥ Viral load (<20 copies/ml) Yes 374 31 8.3 0.560 Ref No 26 3 11.5 0.72 (0.22–2.35) Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm3 ) >500 CD4 count 193 15 7.8 0.002 Ref Ref 350–499 CD4 count 102 3 2.9 0.38 (0.11–1.31) 1.93 (0.43–8.73) 200–349 CD4 count 82 10 12.2 1.57 (0.70–3.49) 0.61 (0.10–3.71) <200 CD4 count 23 6 26.1 3.35 (1.30–8.65)¥ 1.20 (0.28–5.20) AST (>37 U/L) No 262 19 7.3 0.210 Ref Yes 138 15 10.9 1.50 (0.76–2.94) ALT (>40 U/L) No 260 25 9.6 0.270 Ref Yes 140 9 6.4 0.67 (0.31–1.43) AST (>37 U/L) and ALT (>40 U/L) No 295 27 9.2 0.430 Ref Yes 105 7 6.7 0.73 (0.31–1.67) Hemoglobin (>16 g/L) No 377 33 8.8 0.460 Ref Yes 23 1 4.4 0.49 (0.68–3.36) Hemoglobin (<12 g/L) No 340 29 8.5 0.960 Ref Yes 60 5 8.3 0.97 (0.38–2.52) WHO stage (started treatment) Stage 1 69 1 1.5 0.130 Ref Stage 2 44 5 11.4 7.84 (0.92–67.11) Stage 3 200 19 9.5 6.55 (0.87–48.96) Stage 4 87 9 10.3 7.14 (0.90–56.34) Hepatitis B No 361 32 8.9 0.427 Ref Yes 39 2 5.1 1.58 (0.14–2.41) Hepatitis C No 371 32 8.6 0.750 Ref Yes 29 2 6.9 0.80 (0.19–3.33)
¥ <0.05. § <0.001. aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio.