Determinants of Risk Factors for Renal Impairment among HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Antiretroviral Regimen in Southern Vietnam

Table 1

Demographic, clinical characteristic among HIV-infected patients in Soc Trang, Vietnam.

Characteristics	Frequency (n = 400)	Percentage (%)
Sex
Male	206	51.5
Female	194	48.5
Age (in year)	39.8 ± 8.8	Min: 20–max: 69
Age group
20–29	38	9.5
30–39	181	45.2
40–49	127	31.8
50–59	43	10.8
≥ 60	11	2.7
BMI (in kg/m^2)	21.2 ± 3.4	Min: 12.9–max: 35.0
BMI group
<18.5	85	21.2
18.5–25	268	67.0
>25	47	11.8
HIV transmission
Drug addiction	30	7.5
Sexuality	358	89.5
Mother to child	12	3.00
WHO stage (current)
Stage 1	393	98.3
Stage 2	3	0.7
Stage 3	2	0.5
Stage 4	2	0.5
Interval of HIV infection after diagnosis (years)	7.0 ± 7.0	Min: 4–max: 20
Interval of HIV infection after diagnosis group (year)	7.0 ± 7.0	Min: 4–max: 20
<5	87	21.8
5–10	266	66.5
11–15	44	11.0
>15	3	0.7
Treatment time (year)	6.5 ± 2.5	Min: 3–max: 18
3–5	168	42.0
6–10	199	49.7
>10	33	8.3
Preexposure to cotrimoxazole
Yes	374	93.5
No	26	6.5
Preexposure to isoniazid
Yes	379	94.7
No	21	5.3
Viral load (<20 copies/ml)
Yes	374	93.5
No	26	6.5
Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm^3)	517.0 ± 250	Min: 37–max: 1691
>500 CD4 count	193	48.3
350–499 CD4 count	102	25.5
200–349 CD4 count	82	20.5
<200 CD4 count	23	5.7
Baseline serum creatinine (µmol/L)	75.7 ± 18.2	Min: 45.7–max: 188
Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)	96.0 ± 24.5	Min: 15.8–max: 177.6
Stage 1 (>90)	229	57.3
Stage 2 (60–89)	137	34.2
Stage 3a (45–59)	29	7.2
Stage 3b (30–44)	2	0.5
Stage 4 (15–29)	3	0.8
Stage 5 (<15)	0	0.0
AST (>37 U/L)
Yes	138	34.5
No	262	65.5
ALT (>40 U/L)
Yes	140	35.0
No	260	65.0
AST (>37 U/L) and ALT (>40 U/L)
Yes	105	26.2
No	285	73.8
Hepatitis B
Yes	39	9.7
No	361	91.3
Hepatitis C
Yes	29	7.2
No	371	92.8
WHO stage (started treatment)
Stage 1	69	17.3
Stage 2	44	11.0
Stage 3	200	50.0
Stage 4	87	21.7
Baseline hemoglobin (g/L)	13.5 ± 1.6	Min: 6.8–max: 17.1
eGFR categories (mL/min/1.73 m^2)
Stage 1 (>90)	229	57.2
Stage 2 (60–89)	137	34.2
Stage 3a (45–59)	29	7.3
Stage 3b (30–44)	2	0.5
Stage 4 (15–29)	3	0.8
Stage 5 (<15)	0	0.0