Research Advances in the Mechanisms of Hyperuricemia-Induced Renal Injury

Figure 1

Mechanisms of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury. UA: uric acid; SUA: soluble uric acid; MSU: monosodium urate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RAS; renin-angiotensin system; ET-1: endothelin 1; NO: nitric oxide; EndoMT: endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; ER stress: endoplasmic reticulum stress.