Pincer Nail Deformity: Clinical Characteristics, Causes, and Managements

Table 3

Combination therapy for PND.

No.	Authors and references	Year	Cases	Age (years)	Sex	Location	Treatment	Complication	Outcome	Limitations
1	Kim and Sim [3]	2003	14	NM	NM	Left hallux	Nail plate and bed separation combined with aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	Insertion of a thick, rigid aluminum strip through the gap between the nail plate and nail bed requires a difficult operation [20]
2	Chi et al. [47]	2010	1	35	M	Bilateral halluces	TCA matricectomy and aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	NM
3	Chi et al. [47]	2010	1	36	M	Bilateral halluces	TCA matricectomy and aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	NM
4	Chi et al. [47]	2010	1	25	M	Bilateral halluces	TCA matricectomy and aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	NM
5	Chi et al. [47]	2010	1	11	M	Bilateral halluces	TCA matricectomy and aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	NM
6	Chi et al. [47]	2010	1	33	F	Right hallux	TCA matricectomy and aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	NM
7	Chi et al. [47]	2010	1	16	M	Left hallux	TCA matricectomy and aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	NM
8	Chi et al. [47]	2010	1	43	M	Bilateral halluces	TCA matricectomy and aluminum splint fixation	No	Good	NM
9	Markeeva et al. [48]	2015	1	65	M	Right thumb	Failure of 40% urea paste, followed by bilateral nail resection, matricectomy with 90% TCA, incision of the median nail, and splinting	No	Good	No
10	Dikmen et al. [49]	2017	14	45.2, average	M/4, F/10	Halluces	Surgical matricectomy, thioglycolic acid, and anticonvex sutures	Superficial infection (1/14), recurrence (1/14)	Satisfactory	Poor cosmetic appearance (15.8%)
11	Aksakal et al. [50]	2001	10	32-47	M/4, F/6	Bilateral halluces (4/10), unilateral toenail (6/10)	Combination of chemical matricectomy with phenol and nail bed repair	Wound oozing for a few weeks	Good	No
12	Plusjé [51]	2001	6	NM	NM	NM	Application of phenol to the matrix horns combined with surgical treatment	NM	Good	NM
13	Sugamata and Inuzuka [52]	2011	9	51, average	M/1, F/8	Halluces (11)	Methylation phenolization combined with surgical treatment	Recurrence (1/11)	Good	Narrow nail

NM: not mentioned; F: female; M: male.