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No. | Authors and references | Year | Cases | Age (years) | Sex | Location | Treatment | Complication | Outcome | Limitations |
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1 | Zadik [35] | 1950 | 16 | NM | NM | NM | Advancement flap after destroying the nail matrix | Little epithelial thickening over the nail bed; necrosis of the flap | Satisfactory | Permanent nail eradication, loss of fingertip dexterity, and aesthetic differences |
2 | Iida and Ohsumi [36] | 2004 | 14 | 67.5, average | M/4, F/10 | Halluces, fingers | Modified Zadik method with artificial skin | No | Good | Wound took longer to epithelialize |
3 | Suzuki et al. [37] | 1979 | NM | NM | NM | NM | Preserving the nail matrix with a split-thickness skin graft | NM | NM | Nail did not adhere to the split-thickness skin graft, resulting in a floating, distorted nail |
4 | Brown and Zook [38] | 2000 | 6 | 52, average | M/1, F/5 | Halluces (2/6), thumb (4/6) | Implanting dermal grafts between the distal phalanx and nail bed to restore the nail bed contour | NM | NM | Shrinkage of the full-thickness skin grafts |
5 | Hatoko et al. [39] | 2003 | 1 | 25 | M | Bilateral halluces | Hard-palate mucosal graft after flattening the digital bone | No | Good | No |
6 | Masaaki and Hiroshi [17] | 2003 | 27 | NM | NM | Halluces (40) | Widening the nail bed with a zigzag flap | No | Good | No |
7 | Mutaf et al. [40] | 2007 | 8 | 17 to 48 | M/2, F/6 | Toenails | Modified 5-flap Z-plasty technique to enlarge the distal part of the nail bed after removing the osteophyte | Infection and partial wound dehiscence (1/8) | Good | Limited ability to flatten the distal end of the nail bed [66] |
8 | Cho et al. [20] | 2015 | 12 | 43, average | M/3, F/9 | Toenails | Modified double Z-plasty | No | Good | No |
9 | Ozawa et al. [21] | 2005 | 7 | 41.5, average | M/2, F/5 | Right hallux (4/9), left hallux (1/9), bilateral halluces (4/9) | Splinting device composed of an aspiration tube | Ingrowth of the nail (1/9) | Good | No |
10 | Ghaffarpour et al. [41] | 2010 | 11 | 60, average | M/2, F/9 | Toenails | Widening the nail bed with the combination of splint and nail bed cutting | No | Good | No |
11 | Leshin and Whitaker [42] | 1988 | 9 | NM | NM | NM | Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for permanent nail ablation via matricectomy | No | Good | No |
12 | Lane et al. [34] | 2004 | 1 | 63 | M | Left thumbnail | CO2 laser to ablate the nail plate and lateral horns of the matrix; performance of a partial matricectomy; satisfactory results were achieved | No | Good | No |
13 | Miller and Levitt [43] | 2011 | 1 | 16 | M | Left third finger | Pulsed dye laser | No | Good | No |
14 | Shin et al. [44] | 2018 | 11 | 61.7, average | M/7, F/4 | Halluces | Nail plate and bed reconstruction | Mild ischemic changes on the incision, but with healed wounds (2/11) | Good | No |
15 | Altun et al. [9] | 2016 | 1 | 64 | F | Right hallux | Removal of osteophytes and correction of the depressed areas of both sides of the nail bed (lateral nail fold) with dermal flaps prepared from the side | No | Good | No |
16 | Yabe [18] | 2013 | 1 | 51 | F | Right hallux | Removal of the nail plate, raising the nail bed with a periosteum as a flap, flatting the distal phalanx, and trimming excessive skin of both sides of the nail | No | Good | No |
17 | Fuchsbauer et al. [33] | 2007 | 1 | 46 | M | Right hallux | Removal of the nail plate, elevation of the nail bed, flattening of the distal dorsal bony excrescence, placing a dermal graft, and placing silicon sheeting | No | Good | No |
18 | Majeski et al. [8] | 2005 | 1 | 29 | F | All fingernails | Resection of the nail plate and matrix | NM | Good | NM |
19 | Brown and Zook [12] | 1988 | 1 | 45 | F | Right thumb | Removal of the cyst and two corners of the matrix to reduce the width of the nail | No | Good | No |
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