Improvement of Ethanol Tolerance by Inactive Protoplast Fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figure 4

Optimization of the protoplast formation in haploids Q–h and L–h. ((a)–(d)) Comparison of the protoplast formation rate among different fungus ages (a), snailase concentration (b), incubated duration, (c) and temperature (d). Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)