Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review

Table 3

Presence and absence of pathoanatomical states in 87 cases with the common carotid artery (CCA) aplasia.

Pathological diagnoses or findings^a				Left CCA absence	Right CCA absence	Bilateral CCA absence
				References
Pathology Autopsy	Amaurosis fugax				[15]
	Aneurysm	ACoA		[52, 53]	[31]
		BA		[52]
		ICA (left)		[61, 62, 67]
		ICA (right)		[42, 58, 71]
		A1–A2 (left)			[24]
		MCA (left)		[53]
		SCA (left)		[58]
	Arteriovenous fistula			[57]
	Carcinoma of stomach				[14]
	Cerebral infarction				[7, 27, 84]
	Cerebral vascular accident				[25]
	Cervical spinal fusion					[38]
	Congenital cardiovascular disease			[56, 82, 83]	[34, 79]	[55, 64, 80]
	Myocardial infarction				[21]
	Multiple block vertebrae					[69]
	Multiple sclerosis				[22]
	Noonan syndrome			[62]
	Occlusion of artery	ICA (left)			[5, 7]
		SA (right)			[5]
		VA (right)		[63]
	Parathyroid adenoma			[60]
	Posttraumatic artery dissection	ICA (right)			[29]
	Pseudoaneurysm	MA (left)		[57]
		FA (left)		[57]
	Pulmonary embolism					[55]
	Stenosis of artery	ICA (left)			[7, 15]
		ICA (right)			[5, 7, 15, 22, 25, 84]
		SA (right)		[70]
		SA (left)			[75]
	Subacute frontal intraparenchymal hemorrhage				[17]
	Thrombosis	TS (right)		[68]
		SSS		[68]
	Turner syndrome			[70]
	Vestibular neuritis			[54]
					[13, 19, 45, 91]	[65]
No pathology				[1, 11, 16, 43, 49, 51, 59]	[18, 23, 26, 28]
No data				[10, 41, 72, 85–89]	[20, 66, 76, 78, 90]	[40]

^aPathological disorders and findings only alphabetically listed and do not indicate the number of cases, because they were multiple in some of the cases.Note: Some references are cited as follow: Quain [91], cited by Fife [45]; Malacarne [40], cited by Andrews and Howard, [6]; Gottschau [41], Von Angermayer [88], Smirnov [85], and Schmeidel [86], cited by Bryan et al. [43]; Kosinski [66], cited by Boyd [14]; Merkel and Bonnet [89], cited By Warschewske and Benndorf [42]; Mullins et al. [78], cited by Haughton et al. [34]; Chang et al. [76], cited by Shuford et al. [39]; and Johnson et al. [87], cited by Dahn et al. [16]. ACoA anterior communicating artery, BA basilar artery, ICA internal carotid artery, A1–A2 junction of the pre- and postcommunicating parts of the anterior cerebral artery, MCA middle cerebral artery, SCA superior cerebellar artery, SA subclavian artery, VA vertebral artery, MA maxillary artery, FA facial artery, TS transverse sinus, SSS superior sagittal sinus.