Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review

Figure 5

Patterns of the branching of the normal aortic arch in cases of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA). Note: Kosinski, 1868 [66], cited by Boyd [14]. A, aorta; B, brachiocephalic trunk, S (S^∗), left (right) subclavian artery; E (E^∗), left (right) external carotid artery; I (I^∗), left (right) internal carotid artery; V (V^∗), left (right) vertebral artery; C, left common carotid artery; CcT, costocervical trunk.