Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review

Figure 4

Modified diagrams [39] of the separated origin of both external carotid (ECA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries in a case of double aortic arch (DAA). Hypothetically, the second (II) aortic arch (a), or the third (III) aortic arch (b), or the fourth (IV) aortic arch (c) can be incorporated in the DAA, which is a vascular source of bilateral ECAs and ICAs. Note: Obliterated and persisted parts are light- and dark gray colored, respectively. SA, subclavian artery; PDA, persistent ductus arteriosus; PT, pulmonary trunk.