Review on Acoustic Droplet Vaporization in Ultrasound Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Figure 1

The manufacturing process of PCAs using the “condesation” method. The capsule with gas content is exposed to lowered temperature and increased ambient pressure, forcing the core material to phase transit to a liquid. The perfluorocarbon core is superheated, so the nanodroplet will be stable. The core will undergo phase transition back to gas after ultrasound exposure or if the temperature is significantly increased above the boiling point. Reprinted (adapted) with premission from [18]. Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society.