BioMed Research International

Research Article

Hyperhomocysteinemia Associated with Low Muscle Mass, Muscle Function in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients: An Analysis of Multiple Dialysis Centers

Table 2

Associated factors of muscle mass and muscle function via simple linear regression analyses.


	SMM						Hand grip strength		Muscle quality
Variables	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p

Age (years)	-0.123 (-0.244 to -0.003)	0.045	-0.045 (-0.077 to -0.014)	0.005	-0.177 (-0.326 to -0.029)	0.020	-0.311 (-0.651 to 0.029)	0.072	-0.090 (-0.244 to 0.064)	0.243
Male, n (%)	-6.222 (-7.426 to -5.017)	< 0.001	-1.274 (-1.637 to -0.912)	< 0.001	-5.449 (-7.209 to -3.689)	< 0.001	-6.228 (-10.669 to -1.786)	0.007	0.966 (-1.180 to 3.113)	0.367
Dialysis vintage (year)	-0.001 (-0.230 to 0.229)	0.997	0.012 (-0.048 to 0.073)	0.688	0.170 (-0.113 to 0.453)	0.237	-0.179 (-0.829 to 0.472)	0.580	-0.013 (-0.301 to 0.275)	0.929
eKt/V	-5.448 (-7.742 to -3.153)	< 0.001	-1.094 (-1.719 to -0.470)	0.001	-2.657 (-5.691 to 0.378)	0.086	3.500 (-2.446 to 9.446)	0.240	2.188 (-0.378 to 4.754)	0.092
Albumin (g/dL)	1.441 (-0.354 to 3.237)	0.115	0.334 (-0.139 to 0.808)	0.165	0.070 (-2.175 to 2.314)	0.951	3.270 (-3.903 to 10.443)	0.361	0.248 (-2.950 to 3.447)	0.876
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.158 (0.784 to 1.531)	< 0.001	0.312 (0.215 to 0.410)	< 0.001	0.513 (-0.003 to 1.030)	0.051	1.161 (0.065 to 2.257)	0.039	-0.042 (-0.556 to 0.472)	0.869
FPG (mg/dL)	-0.005 (-0.017 to 0.007)	0.404	-0.002 (-0.005 to 0.001)	0.231	-0.008 (-0.023 to 0.007)	0.291	-0.015 (-0.083 to 0.053)	0.663	-0.005 (-0.035 to 0.025)	0.725
Insulin (μU/mL)	-0.005 (-0.039 to 0.030)	0.779	-0.003 (-0.012 to 0.007)	0.587	-0.045 (-0.087 to -0.003)	0.037	-0.066 (-0.168 to 0.036)	0.196	-0.002 (-0.048 to 0.044)	0.925
HOMA-IR	-0.019 (-0.082 to 0.044)	0.552	-0.007 (-0.023 to 0.010)	0.413	-0.072 (-0.149 to 0.005)	0.066	-0.198 (-0.481 to 0.084)	0.162	-0.010 (-0.138 to 0.118)	0.872
Homocysteine (μmol/L)	-0.008 (-0.138 to 0.122)	0.908	-0.009 (-0.043 to 0.025)	0.592	0.060 (-0.101 to 0.221)	0.463	0.385 (-0.080 to 0.851)	0.101	-0.025 (-0.238 to 0.188)	0.816
Folate (ng/mL)	0.040 (-0.131 to 0.211)	0.648	0.011 (-0.034 to 0.056)	0.635	-0.001 (-0.213 to 0.211)	0.991	-0.164 (-0.538 to 0.209)	0.378	0.049 (-0.116 to 0.215)	0.548
Vitamin B₁₂ (pg/mL)	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.002)	0.594	0.000 (-0.001 to 0.001)	0.809	-0.001 (-0.002 to 0.001)	0.376	-0.001 (-0.005 to 0.003)	0.739	0.001(-0.002 to 0.002)	0.853
Energy (kcal/day)	0.003 (0.001 to 0.004)	0.001	0.0005 (0.000 to 0.001)	0.033	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.003)	0.371	0.003 (-0.001 to 0.008)	0.087	0.001(-0.002 to 0.002)	0.914
Height (cm)	0.454 (0.393 to 0.515)	< 0.001	0.067 (0.044 to 0.090)	< 0.001	0.278 (0.166 to 0.391)	< 0.001	0.392 (0.141 to 0.643)	0.003	-0.042 (-0.166 to 0.083)	0.504
Body weight (kg)	0.316 (0.257 to 0.375)	< 0.001	0.067 (0.050 to 0.085)	< 0.001	-0.100 (-0.198 to -0.003)	0.044	0.193 (-0.050 to 0.436)	0.116	-0.127 (-0.229 to -0.025)	0.016
BMI (kg/m²)	0.381 (0.128 to 0.634)	0.004	0.146 (0.082 to 0.210)	< 0.001	-0.982 (-1.259 to -0.706)	< 0.001	-0.135 (-0.897 to 0.627)	0.721	-0.373 (-0.684 to -0.062)	0.020
Body fat (%)	-0.244 (-0.317 to -0.172)	< 0.001	-0.065 (-0.084 to -0.046)	< 0.001	-0.591 (-0.612 to -0.570)	< 0.001	-0.171 (-0.441 to 0.100)	0.209	-0.019 (-0.141 to 0.103)	0.752
MET (kcal/day)	0.004 (0.002 to 0.007)	< 0.001	0.0015 (0.001 to 0.002)	0.004	0.003 (-0.001 to 0.006)	0.052	0.001 (-0.008 to 0.011)	0.791	-0.001 (-0.005 to 0.003)	0.660

FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; SMM, skeletal muscle mass; Ht, height; Wt, weight.