Efficacy of Using Probiotics with Antagonistic Activity against Pathogens of Wound Infections: An Integrative Review of Literature

Table 2

Animal model studies on the antimicrobial effects of probiotics against wound pathogens.

First author, year	Animal	Wound type	Pathogen species	Probiotic(s)	Method	Outcome	Potential use for humans
Valdez, 2005 [61]^#	Mice	Burn wound	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 10241	Injection into burned area (10^5 cfu/mL injected into burned area on days 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9)	Inhibitory effect against pathogen and wound improvement	Local treatment of burn infections
Brachkova, 2011 [76]	Rats	Burn wound	P. aeruginosa	L. plantarum ATCC 8014	Topical application on burned area (single dose 10^8 cfu/mL)	Reduction of pathogen load in wound	Intervention for prevention of multiresistant pathogen infection in burns
Jones, 2012 [77]	Rabbits	Ischemic wound	Staphylococcus aureus	Lactobacillus fermentum 7230	Local application of patches designed with lyophilized probiotic microbeads (single dose of 10^6 cfu/mL)	Improvement of probiotic treated wounds through nitric oxide production	Chronic wounds
Shu, 2013 [68]^#	Mice	Skin lesion	MRSA USA300	Propionibacterium acnes ATCC6919	Local topical application of Propionibacterium (10^5 cfu/mL for 17 days)	Decrease in cfu of pathogen	Skin wound and skin health
Argenta, 2016 [78]	Mice	Burn-sepsis wound	P. aeruginosa	L. plantarum ATCC 10241	Subeschar injection (10^9 cfu/mL daily for 5 days)	Lower mortality rate and inhibition of pathogen in remote organs	Management of complicated burn injury
Satish, 2017 [79]	Rabbits	Burn-sepsis wound	P. aeruginosa	L. plantarum ATCC 10241	Local application (single dose of 3 × 10^8 cfu)	Curtailed severity and length of infection as well as reduced scarring	Counteracting burn wound infection and alleviate scarring
Ong, 2019 [80]	Rats	Full-thickness wound	S. aureus	L. plantarum USM8613	Single local application of 10% (v/v) protein-rich fraction of cell-free supernatant with paraffin	Higher reduction of pathogen with probiotic and enhanced wound healing	Inhibition of wound pathogens
Surmeli, 2019 [81]	Rats	Third-degree scald burn	MRSA ATCC 43300	L. plantarum ATCC 10241	Local application (single dose of 1 × 10^6 cfu/mL)	Protective role when applied before pathogen	Promising role in prevention and treatment of wound infections

In vitro study included in Table 3. MRSA: methicillin-resistant S. aureus.