Predictive Scoring and Risk Factors of Early Recurrence after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

Table 3

Early recurrence rate according to factors after Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy.

	Factors	Group	Recurrence rate	Score	Relation	(P = )
Demographic factors
	Age	~40	6/115 (5.22%)	0	No	0.824
		41~60	20/124 (16.1%)	2
		61~	2/65 (3.07%)	0
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)
	Gender	Male	13/139 (9.35%)	0	No	0.956
		Female	15/161 (9.32%)	0
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)
	BMI (kg/m2)	<18.5 kg/m2	4/63 (6.35%)	0	Yes	0.045
		18.5~25	2/86 (2.33%)	0
		25~30	9/77 (11.69%)	1
		>30	13/74 (17.57%)	2
Total		28/300 (9.3%)
Anatomical factors	Disc degeneration scale	Grade 1–2 (mild)	1/50 (2%)	0	Yes	0.018
		3 scale (moderate)	10/135 (7.4%)	1
		4–5 (severe)	17/115 (14.8%)	2
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)
	Modic change	Type I	3/12 (25%)	0	No	0.153
		Type II	1/7 (14.3%)	0
		Type III	1/3 (33%)	0
		Total	5/22 (22%)
	Number of involved disc herniation	One level	5/128 (3.9%)	0	Yes	0.001
		Two level	13/125 (10.4%)	1
		Three level	7/37 (18.9%)	2
		Four level	3/10 (30%)	3
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)
	History of discectomy	First	25/283 (8.83%)	0	No	0.236
		Reoperation	3/17 (17.65%)	1
	Location of disc herniation	Paracentral (including sequestrated disc)	24/207 (11.59%)	2	No	0.306
		Central	2/27 (7.41%)	1
		Foraminal and extraforaminal	2/66 (3.03%)	0
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)
	Level of disc herniation	Upper disc (L1–2, L2–3, L3–4)	3/76 (3.95%)	0	Yes	0.174
		L4–5	18/123 (14.6%)	2
		L5–S1	7/100 (7%)	1
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)	Total
	Disc height	Less than 80%	6/35 (17.14%)	1	No	0255
		80%–100%	12/147 (8.16%)	0
		Larger	10/118 (8.5%)	0
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)
	Segmental dynamic motion	Group 1~10	20/233 (8.58%)	0	No	0.558
Operation factors	Approach method	Transforaminal (Inside-out)	11/100 (11%)	0	No
		Transforaminal (Outside-in)	10/100 (10%)	0
		Interlaminar	7/100 (7%)	0
	Annlus preservation	Radical annulotomy	21/213 (9.86%)	0	No	0.625
		Minimal annulotomy	7/87 (8.05%)
		Total	28/300 (9.3%)
		Group 11~20	8/67 (11.9%)	0
Postoperative factors	Early ambulation	Walking within 2 days	23/140 (16.42%)	1	Yes	0.001
		Bed rest longer than 3 days	5/160 (3.13%)	0
	Orthosis application	Corset apply	10/136 (7.35%)	0	Yes	0.286
		No corset	18/164 (10.98%)	1
Early recurrence rate according to the scoring system					Yes	0.001