Research Article
Predictive Scoring and Risk Factors of Early Recurrence after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Table 3
Early recurrence rate according to factors after Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy.
| | Factors | Group | Recurrence rate | Score | Relation | (P = ) |
| Demographic factors |
| Age | ~40 | 6/115 (5.22%) | 0 | No | 0.824 | 41~60 | 20/124 (16.1%) | 2 | 61~ | 2/65 (3.07%) | 0 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | | Gender | Male | 13/139 (9.35%) | 0 | No | 0.956 | Female | 15/161 (9.32%) | 0 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | | BMI (kg/m2) | <18.5 kg/m2 | 4/63 (6.35%) | 0 | Yes | 0.045 | 18.5~25 | 2/86 (2.33%) | 0 | 25~30 | 9/77 (11.69%) | 1 | >30 | 13/74 (17.57%) | 2 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | |
| Anatomical factors | Disc degeneration scale | Grade 1–2 (mild) | 1/50 (2%) | 0 | Yes | 0.018 | 3 scale (moderate) | 10/135 (7.4%) | 1 | 4–5 (severe) | 17/115 (14.8%) | 2 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | | Modic change | Type I | 3/12 (25%) | 0 | No | 0.153 | Type II | 1/7 (14.3%) | 0 | Type III | 1/3 (33%) | 0 | Total | 5/22 (22%) | | Number of involved disc herniation | One level | 5/128 (3.9%) | 0 | Yes | 0.001 | Two level | 13/125 (10.4%) | 1 | Three level | 7/37 (18.9%) | 2 | Four level | 3/10 (30%) | 3 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | | History of discectomy | First | 25/283 (8.83%) | 0 | No | 0.236 | Reoperation | 3/17 (17.65%) | 1 | Location of disc herniation | Paracentral (including sequestrated disc) | 24/207 (11.59%) | 2 | No | 0.306 | Central | 2/27 (7.41%) | 1 | Foraminal and extraforaminal | 2/66 (3.03%) | 0 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | | Level of disc herniation | Upper disc (L1–2, L2–3, L3–4) | 3/76 (3.95%) | 0 | Yes | 0.174 | L4–5 | 18/123 (14.6%) | 2 | L5–S1 | 7/100 (7%) | 1 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | Total | Disc height | Less than 80% | 6/35 (17.14%) | 1 | No | 0255 | 80%–100% | 12/147 (8.16%) | 0 | Larger | 10/118 (8.5%) | 0 | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | | Segmental dynamic motion | Group 1~10 | 20/233 (8.58%) | 0 | No | 0.558 |
| Operation factors | Approach method | Transforaminal (Inside-out) | 11/100 (11%) | 0 | No | | Transforaminal (Outside-in) | 10/100 (10%) | 0 | Interlaminar | 7/100 (7%) | 0 | Annlus preservation | Radical annulotomy | 21/213 (9.86%) | 0 | No | 0.625 | Minimal annulotomy | 7/87 (8.05%) | | Total | 28/300 (9.3%) | | Group 11~20 | 8/67 (11.9%) | 0 |
| Postoperative factors | Early ambulation | Walking within 2 days | 23/140 (16.42%) | 1 | Yes | 0.001 | Bed rest longer than 3 days | 5/160 (3.13%) | 0 | Orthosis application | Corset apply | 10/136 (7.35%) | 0 | Yes | 0.286 | No corset | 18/164 (10.98%) | 1 | | |
| Early recurrence rate according to the scoring system | Yes | 0.001 |
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