Research Article
Rapid Affinity Maturation of Novel Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies by a Fast Drop of the Antigen Concentration and FACS Selection of Yeast Libraries
Table 4
Apparent affinity and rate constants of anti-PD-L1 IgG bivalent binding to rhPD-L1-Fc.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
aKinetic (ka and kd) and apparent affinity (KD2) constants for bivalent complexes were calculated by fitting binding curves (Figures 4(h)–4(n)) to the 1 : 1 Langmuir binding model. The apparent affinity constants (KD2) were calculated from the relationship KD = kd/ka. The reported constants are average values obtained from at least three independent analyses using different biosensors, sample preparations, ligand densities and analyte concentration gradients on the flow cell surfaces. Data are reported with standard deviation. KD2 fold changes compared to wild type are reported. |