The Utility of Rapid On-Site Evaluation during Bronchoscopic Biopsy: A 2-Year Respiratory Endoscopy Central Experience

Figure 2

Cytological characteristics of ROSE.(a) Well-and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of acinar type with obvious glandular differentiation (Diff-quick). (b) Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma shows dyscohesive aggregate cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and tumor cells with single intracytoplasmic vacuoles or globular secretory material indicate glandular differentiation (Diff-quick). (c) Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma: smears composed of mainly dispersed, often elongated or spindle-shaped cells with dense cytoplasm and keratinization, nuclei are often pyknotic or hyperchromatic with angulated contours (Diff-quick). (d) Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showing small dyscohesive sheet of malignant cells with enlarged nuclei with nucleoli and coarse chromatin and fragments or dispersed keratinizing cells with dense cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. (e) Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showing large tissue fragments composed of cells with enlarged nuclei with macronucleoli (Diff-quick). (f) Small cells with high N/C ratio, crush artifacts scant and poorly preserved cytoplasm apoptosis, “salt and pepper” chromatin texture, and nuclear molding fit well with small cell carcinoma (Diff-quick). (g) Granulomatous with necrosis, or visible langhans cells are typical features of tuberculosis in ROSE (Diff-quick). (h) The diameter of mycosis is generally 7–10 μm, the division of mucor is right angle bifurcation or hyphae are not separated, aspergillus appears as acute angle bifurcation, with necrotic background and neutrophils (Diff-quick). (i) After the alveolar phagocytic cells phagocytose the dust, they evolve into dust cells, which show that the cytoplasm contains abundant black carbon particles.

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