Effects of Norspermidine on Dual‐Species Biofilms Composed of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Figure 2

Composition of S. mutans and S. sanguinis dual-species biofilms as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): (a)–(e) Dual-species biofilms in the 0.0 mM norspermidine group, 7.0 mM norspermidine group, 3.5 mM norspermidine group, pH-adjusted (pH = 7.0) 7.0 mM norspermidine group, and pH-adjusted (pH = 7.0) 3.5 mM norspermidine group, respectively (S. mutans was stained green and S. sanguinis was stained red, scale bar = 50 μm); (f) S. sanguinis ratio in dual-species biofilms according to coverage area. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and values with dissimilar letters are significantly different from each other ().

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