Improving Outcomes Defending Patient Safety: The Learning Journey in Robotic Liver Resections

Table 2

Perioperative data, histological findings, and difficulty index.

	First period; (30)	Second period; (30)	p-value
Conversion rate	0	1	0.32
Op. time; (min, mean)	377.16	258.6	<0.001
Blood loss; (ml, mean)	484.3	337.3	0.01
n. of nodules (mean)	1.27	1.23	0.77
Size; (mm, mean)	34.6	28.4	0.16
Hosp. Stay; (days, mean)	4.9 (2-13)	4.9 (2-12)	n.a.
Clavien I-II	19	6	<0.001
Clavien III-IV	2	1	0.56
Readmission	0	1	0.33
Mortality (30 d)	0	0	n.a.
HCC	17	18	0.79
CHC	0	1	0.32
Metastasis	5	6	0.74
Adenoma	4	2	0.40
Hydatic cyst	2	3	0.65
Low difficulty score	8 (26.7%)	10 (33.3%)	0.58
Intermediate difficulty score	17 (56.7%)	16 (53.3%)	0.79
High difficulty score	5 (16.7%)	4 (13.3%)	0.72
Modal score	5	5
Median score	5	4.5
Mean score	4.97	4.67
Standard deviation	2.04	1.86
Low vs Intermediate	p= 0.03	p= 0.13
Low vs. High	p=0.39	p=0.03
Intermediate vs. Low	p=0.001	p<0.001