Review Article

Pruritus: Progress toward Pathogenesis and Treatment

Table 1

Mediators, receptors, and drugs about pruritus.

MediatorsReceptorsDrugs

HistaminesHistamine receptors
(H1R, H2R, and H4R)
Antihistamines
5-Hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT)5-HT receptors
(5-HT2 and 5HT3)
Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, Mirtazapine, Ondansetron
ProteasesProteases-activated receptors
(PARs, PAR1–4)
Leupeptin, E6005, E-64, Chymostatin
IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10IL-2 and IL-6 receptorsCyclosporine, Dupilumab, Lebrikizumab
BradykininBradykinin receptors
(B1R and B2R)
Icatibant, Bromelain
Substance-P (SP)NK receptor
(NKR1)
Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant, Casopitant, Vestipitant, Orvepitant, Lanepitant, Dapitant, L-733, 060
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)CGRP receptors
(CALCRL and RAMP1)
Erenumab, Fremanezumab, Galcanezumab
Opioid peptidesμ-receptor, κ-receptorNaloxone, Naltrexone, Nalfurafine
CannabinoidsCannabinoid receptors
(CB1 and CB2 receptors)
Palmitoylethanolamine (PEA)
Leukotrienes (LTs)Leukotriene receptorsZafirlukast, Pranlukast, Montelukast
Platelet-activating factor (PAF)PAF receptorRupatadine, Apafant