Hemodynamic Instability during Dialysis: The Potential Role of Intradialytic Exercise

Figure 1

Continuous recording of (a) cardiac output; (b) heart rate; (c) stroke volume; and (d) thoracic fluid content (TFC) during dialysis. Note the decrease in cardiac output/stroke volume and lack of sufficient heart rate compensation [22].

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)