BioMed Research International / 2017 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
The Landscape of Glucose-Lowering Therapy and Cardiovascular Outcomes: From Barren Land to Metropolis Table 1 Summary of the completed trials of hypoglycemic therapy and cardiovascular outcome as a result of the 2008 FDA mandate.
Trial Tested molecule Comparator Population N Duration (years) Primary outcome Hazard ratio ORIGIN [71 ] Glargine Standard care Prediabetes or T2D with CV risk 12537 6.2 3-point MACE 1.02 (0.94–1.11) DEVOTE [72 ] Degludec Glargine T2D and above 50 years with CV or renal, or above 60 years at risk 7637 2.0 3-point MACE 0.91 (0.78 to 1.06) SAVOR [41 ] Saxagliptin Placebo T2D and above 40 with CV disease or above 55 years at risk 16492 2.1 3-point MACE 1.00 (0.89–1.12) EXAMINE [43 ] Alogliptin Placebo T2D and acute coronary syndrome within 15-90 days 5380 1.5 3-point MACE 0.96 (≤1.16) TECOS [44 ] Sitagliptin Placebo T2D and above 50 years and established CV disease 14671 3.0 4-point MACE 0.98 (0.88–1.09) ELIXA [56 ] Lixisenatide Placebo T2D and patients with acute coronary syndrome within 180 days 6068 2.1 3- point MACE 1.02 (0.89–1.17) EMPA-REG [67 ] Empagliflozin Placebo T2D and age above 18 years with established CV disease 7020 3.1 3-point MACE 0.86 (0.74–0.99) CANVAS [62 ] Canagliflozin Placebo T2D and age above 30 years with CV or above 50 years with ≥ 2 risks 10142 3.6 3- point MACE 0.86 (0.75 to 0.97) LEADER [57 ] Liraglutide Placebo T2D and age above 50 years and CV disease or above 60 years at risk 9340 3.8 3-point MACE 0.87 (0.78–0.97) SUSTAIN-6 [58 ] Semaglutide Placebo T2D and above 50 years with CV disease or age above 60 years at risk 3297 2.1 3- point MACE 0.86 (0.74–0.99) ACE [88 ] Acarbose Placebo IGT and above 50 years with CV disease 6522 5.0 5-point MACE 0.98 (0.86–1.11) EXSCEL [89 ] Exenatide Placebo T2D adults with established CV disease 70% or at risk 30% 14752 3.2 3-point MACE 0.91 (0.83–1.00)
Notes . Overall, study population across studies represents a high cardiovascular risk, with average age ranging from 60 to 65 years (±SD 7–10 years), mean BMI range is from 28.7 to 32.8 kg/m2 , with diabetes duration ranging between 5.4 and 13.8 years, and average HbA1C range is from 6.4 to 8.7% (±0.8–1.5%). Table adapted from Table from [2 ].